Ch 64 – Bone Tumors/Cancer – Flashcards
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Primary bone tumors - malignant & benign - incidence
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rare
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most common cause of bone cancer
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metastic bone cancer spread from another site
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how are tumors named
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on area of bone & surrounding tissue affected & type of cells forming tumor
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main types of benign tumors are - name
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osteochondroma osteoclastoma endochroma often cured by surgery more common than primary malignant tumors
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primary bone cancer is called what
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sarcoma
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where can sarcomas develop
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cartilage muscle fibers fatty tissue nerve tissue
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most common bone cancers are
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osteosarcoma chondrosarcoma ewing's sarcoma chordoma
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primary malignant tumors occur most often when
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childhhood through young adulthood
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primary malignant tumors characterized by
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their rapid metastasis & bone destruction
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osteochondroma - define
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primary benign bone tumor characterized by an overgrowth of cartilage & bone near the end of the bone at the growth plate
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osteochondroma - commonly found where
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long bones of leg pelvis scapula
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osteochondroma - clinical manifestations
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painless, hard, immobile mass lower than normal height for age sore muscles close to tumor one leg or arm longer than the other pressure or irritation w/exercise may have no symptoms
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osteochondroma - diagnosis confirmed by
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x-ray CT MRI
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osteochondroma - treatment for asymptomatic osteochondroma
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no treatment necessary
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osteochondroma - when is surgical resection done
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if tumor causing pain or neurologic symptoms due to compression
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osteochondroma - if you have large tumors what should you do
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regular screening exams to detect malignant transformation early
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osteosarcoma - define
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primary bone tumor extremely aggressive & rapidly metastasizes to distant sites
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osteosarcoma - common places found
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metaphyseal region of long bones of extremities particularly - distal femur, proximal tibia, proximal humerus, pelvis
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osteosarcoma - how common and who's affected
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most common malignant bone tumor children & young adults
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osteosarcoma - when occuring in older adults can be associated with
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paget's disease prior radiation
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osteosarcoma - clinical manifestations
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gradual onset of pain & swelling especially around knee
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osteosarcoma - what are the effects of a minor injury
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does not cause neoplasm but may bring the preexising condition to medical attention
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osteosarcoma - diagnostic tests
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biopsy elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase & calcium levels x-ray CT PET MRI
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osteosarcoma - how often during diagnosis has it been found to metastasisized
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10-20%
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osteosarcoma - used to decrease tumor size
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preoperative chemotherapy
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osteosarcoma - what's been used more often as result of chemo being used preoperatively
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limb salvage procedures wide surgical resection of tumor
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osteosarcoma - when is limb salvage contraindicated
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major neurovascular involvement pathologic fracture infection skeletal immaturity extensive muscle involvement
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osteosarcoma - what has increased the 5-year survival rate to 70%
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use of chemo after amputation or limb salvage
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osteosarcoma - chemotherapeutic agents - name
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methotrexate adriamycin platinol cytoxan vepesid blenoxane cosmegen ifex
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metastic bone cancer - most common type is a result of
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most common type of malignant bone tumor occurs as a result of metastasis from primary tumor
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osteosarcoma - common primary tumor sites
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breast prostate lungs kidney thyroid
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osteosarcoma - how do metastic cancer cells travel
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from primary tumor to the bone via lymph & blood
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osteosarcoma -metastatic bone lesion usually found where
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verebrae pelvis femur humerus ribs
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osteosarcoma - common complications of metastasis
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pathologic fractures at site of metastasis due to weakening of bone hypercalcemia due to calcium released from bone
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osteosarcoma - diagnostics after primary lesion identified
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radionuclide bone scans shows metastatic lesion before x-ray
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osteosarcoma - metastatic bone lesions when do they occur
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at any time even years later after diagnosis & treatment of primary tumor
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osteosarcoma - what will clue you in to likely meastasis to bone
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local bone pain past history of cancer
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osteosarcoma - possible treatment
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palliative radiation & pain managment surgical stabilization of fracutre if needed
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osteosarcoma - prognosis depends on
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extent of metastasis & location
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bone cancer - assessment
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location & severity of pain weakness due to anemia & decreased mobility swelling decreased joint function
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bone cancer - teach
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warning signs of bone cancer swelling unexplained bone pain limitation of joint function changes in skin temperature stress screening/health exams
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bone cancer - to prevent fractures
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careful handling/support of affected extremity logrolling those on bedrest patient fatigued - can't help that great - rest periods
