Ch. 6 MIS – College Essay
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The Cloud
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The elastic leasing of pooled computer resources over the Internet
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Elastic
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Computing resources leased can be increased or decreased dynamically, programmatically in a short span of time and that organizations pay for just the resources they use.
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Pooled
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-A group of servers -Cloud resources are pooled because many different organizations use the same physical hardware; they share that hardware through virtualization. -Cloud vendors benefit from economies of scale - average cost of production decreases as size of operation increases -Major cloud vendors operate enormous data centers (server farms)
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Negatives of cloud computing
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Loss of control
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Computer Network
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A collection of computers that communicate with one another over transmission lines or wirelessly
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LAN
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(Local Area Network) - connects computers that reside in a single geographic location on the premises of the company that operates the LAN. Two to several hundred computers
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WAN
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(Wide Area Network) - connects computers at different geographic locations. Ex: Computers for a college of business located on multiple campuses
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Internet
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Network of networks
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Intranet
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A private internet used exclusively within an organization
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Protocol
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A set of rules and data structures for organizing communication
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SOHO
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Small office or home office
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IEEE 802.3 protocol (Ethernet)
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Used for LAN connection. Also called Ethernet - specifies hardware characteristics, such as which wire carries which signals. Also describes how messages are to be packaged and processed for wired transmissions of the LAN.
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10/100/1000 Ethernet
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Most personal computers support
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IEEE 802.11 protocol
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Wireless LAN connections use
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Bluetooth
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Another common wireless protocol. Designed for transmitting data over short distances, replacing cables.
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ISP
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(Internet service provider) -What your actually connecting to when you connect to the Internet - 3 important function 1) Provides you with a legitimate Internet address 2) Serves as gateway to Internet 3) Pays for the Internet
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DSL
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Digital subscriber line - operates on the same lines as voice telephones, but it operates so it does not interfere with voice telephone service. DSL's use their own protocols for data transmission.
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Cable lines
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Provide high-speed data transmission using cable TV lines
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Hop
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Movement from one network to another
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Packet
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A message that moves across the Internet
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Networks owned by large telecommunication providers known as ...
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Carriers
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Peering agreements
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How large carriers exchange traffic freely without charging each other access fees
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Net neutrality principle
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All data is created equally - carriers should not be able to decide which sites load quickly, which apps are allowed on a network, and which content is acceptable
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IP address
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Internet address - a number that identifies a particular device
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Public IP address
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-Identifies a particular device on public Internet -Assigned by ICANN (internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers) -U.S. Department of Commerce no longer has oversight over ICANN
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Private IP Address
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-Identifies a device on a private network, usually a LAN -Assignment controlled within LAN
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Domain Name
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A worldwide-unique name that is affiliated with a public IP address
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URL
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Uniform Resource Locator- address on the Internet
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Three-tier architecture
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A design of user computers and servers that consist of 3 categories. 1) user tier 2) server tier 3) database tier
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User tier
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Consists of computer, phones and other mobile devices that have browsers that request ; process webpages
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Server tier
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Consists of computers that run Web servers and process application programs
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Database tier
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Consists of computers that run a DBMS that processes requests to retrieve and store data
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Web page
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Document that is coded in, usually html
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Web server
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Program that runs on a server-tier computer and manage traffic by sending and receiving Web pages to and from clients
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Commerce server
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An application program that runs on a server-tier computer
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TCP
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Transmission Control Protocol - Breaks traffic up into packets and sends each one along its way
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IP
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Internet Protocol - Specifies routing of data communication through networks. Routers - Small, special purpose computers that route packets to their destination
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TCP/IP Protocol Architecture
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Defines Internet protocols - 5 layers 1) Physical- Hardware specifications 2) Data Link- Flow among switches and access points 3) Internet- Internet routing 4) Transport- Reliable Internet transport 5) Application- Enable communication among programs
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Hypertext Transfer Protocol
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(http)- protocol used between browsers and web servers
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smtp
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Simple Mail Transfer Protocol- used for email transmissions
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ftp
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File Transfer Protocol- used to move files over the Internet
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SaaS
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Software as a service- provides not only hardware infrastructure, but an operating system and application programs as well. Ex: iCloud
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PaaS
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Platform as a service- vendors provide hosted computers an operating system and possible a DBMS. Ex: Microsoft Azure
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IaaS
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Infrastructure as a service- the cloud hosting of a bare server computer or data storage
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CDN
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Content delivery network: -System of hardware and software stores user data in many different geographical locations and makes data available on demand. -Provides specialized types of PaaS but usually considered in its own category -Minimize latency -Used to store and deliver content seldom changed
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Public IP addresses ; domain names
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-IPv4 (32 bit)- 4 decimal notation -IPv6- Eight hexadecimal dotted notation
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VPN
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Virtual public network- uses public Internet to create appearance of a private connection on secure network
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Tunnel
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Virtual private pathway over a public or shared network from the VPN client to VPN server
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A ________ is a set of rules that programs on two communicating devices follow.
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Protocol
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A private internet that is used exclusively within an organization is called a(n) ________.
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Intranet
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A(n) ________ is a number that identifies a particular device.
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IP address
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A(n) ________ uses the Internet to create the appearance of private, secure connections.
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VPN
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Computers that reside in different geographic locations are connected using a(n) ________.
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WAN
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The protocols used on the Internet are arranged according to a structure known as the ________ protocol architecture.
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TCP/IP
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Which of the following features distinguishes a LAN from a WAN?
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LAN connects computers in a single location
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Which of the following protocols guarantees secure data transmission?
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https
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Which of the following refers to the three tiers in the three-tier architecture?
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user, server ; database
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________ are programs that run on a server-tier computer and manage traffic by sending and receiving Web pages to and from clients.
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web servers
