Ch. 52 Assisting in the Analysis of Urine
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myoglobinuria
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abnormal presence of hemoglobin-like chemical of muscle tissue in urine as the result of muscle deterioration
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phenylalanine
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essential amino acid found in milk, eggs, and other foods
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ischemia
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decreased blood flow to a body part or organ caused by constriction or plugging of the supply artery
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enzymatic reaction
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chemical reaction controlled by an enzyme
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polymorphonuclear
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white blood cells; leukocytes that have segmented nuclei; also known as polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) or segmented neutrophils
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glycosuria
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presence of glucose in the urine
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mononuclear
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white blood cells; leukocytes that have unsegmented nuclei; monocytes and lymphocytes in particular
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refractile
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causing light to refract, creating a sharp boundary or image
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renal thresholds
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level above which a substance cannot be reabsorbed by the renal tubules and therefore is excreted in the urine
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filtrate
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fluid that remains after a liquid is passed through the membranous filter
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urinometer
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a sealed glass float with a calibrated paper scale in its stem. With a slight spinning motion, it is placed in a cylinder containing a urine sample, and the value is read at the meniscus of the urine
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reagent strip
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strips used to test the specific gravity of urine
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refractometer
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device that measures the refraction of light through solids in a liquid
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clinitest
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glucose test on a reagent strip. A tablet is dropped into a test tube of urine, and the color of the tube's contents is compared with a chart
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acetest
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reagent tablets used to test for fat metabolism byproducts
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HCG
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substance detected by all pregnancy tests
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LH
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Increases in the concentration of urine shortly before ovulation
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crystals
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shape of urates or phosphates that settle out of unrefrigerated urine samples
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Culture and Sensitivity (C&S)
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procedure preformed in the microbiology laboratory in which a specimen is cultured on artificial media to detect bacterial or fungal growth, followed y appropriate screening for antibiotic sensitivity
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bilirubinuria
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medical term for a urine sample with a persistent greenish yellow foam that may indicate the patient has viral hepatitis
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gold standards
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definitive diagnostic test to which all others are compared
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casts
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protein that has taken on the size and shape of the renal tubules that is washed into the urine
