Ch 5: Questions – Flashcards
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Polymerization is a process that
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Involves the removal of a water molecules, links the sugar of one nucleotide with the phosphate lf the next, creates bonds between amino acids in the formation of a peptide chain, and a requires a condensatin reaction
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What is not true about pentose?
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it has the formula C5 H12 O5
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Disaccharides can differ from each other in all of the following ways except
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the number in their monosaccharides
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What is not true of cellulose?
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its monomers are glucose with nitrogen-containing appendages
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Plants store most of their energy as....
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starch
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What happens when a protein loses its structure?
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it loses its secondary and tertiary structures
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The alpha helix of proteins is
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stabilzed by hydrogen bonds and commonly found in fibrous proteins
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A fatty acid that has the formula C16 H32 O2 is
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saturated
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Three molecules of a fatty acid (C16 H32 O2) are joined to make a molecule of glycerol (C3 H8 O3). The resulting molecule has the formula
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C51 H98 O6
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Beta pleated sheets are characterized by
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folds stabilized by hydrogen bonds between segmenrs of the polypeptide backbone
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Cows can derive nutrients from cellulose because
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one of their stomachs contains bacteria that can hydrolyze the binds of cellulose
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Which molecule would provide the most energy (kcal/g) when eaten?
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fat
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What determines the sequence of the amino acids in a particular protein?
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the sequence of nucleotides in RNA, which was determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the gene for that protein
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Sucrose is made from joining a glucose and a fructose molecule in a dehydration reaction. What is the molecular formula for this disaccharide?
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C12 H22 O11
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How are the nucleotide monomers connected form a polynucleotide ?
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covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next
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Out of cholesterol, nucleotides, amino acids, chitin, and glucose, which is the most hydrophobic molecule?
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cholesterol
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What is the complementary strand for GCCTAA?
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CGGATT
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Monkeys and humans share many of the same DNA sequences and have similar proteins, indicating that...
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the two groups share a relatively recent common ancestor
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What would be a major component of the cell membrane of fungus?
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phospholipids
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Hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic interactions would be important for which of the following types of molecules?
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proteins
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What is not a protein function?
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being a primary compnent to cell membranes
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Proteins with more than one polypeptide chains have ____ structure
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quaternary
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The conformation of a protein is determined by its ____
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primary structure
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A pentose joined to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group is called a
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nucleotide
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Who determined the amino acid sequence of insulin?
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Sanger
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A carbohydrates includes
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starch, monosaccharides, disaccharides, & polysaccharides
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Amylase can break glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers only if the monomers are in the alpha form. Out of cellulose, chitin, glycogen, starch, and amylopectin, what could it break down?
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glycogen, starch, and amylopectin
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Nucleotides are to ____ as _____ are to proteins
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nucleic acids; amino acids
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What is true about unsaturated fats?
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they have double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids
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The structural level of a protein least effected by a disruption in hydrogen bonding is the
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primary structure
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What is a pair of base sequences that could form a short stretch of normal double helix DNA?
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5' ATGC 3' with 5' GCAT 3'
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Enzymes that break down DNA catalyze the hydrolysis of the covalent bonds that join nucleotides together. What could happen to DNA molecules treated with these enzymes?
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the phosphodiester bonds between doxyribose would be broken
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What is correct about the 5' end of a polynucleotide strand?
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it has a phosphate group
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After eating a slice of apple, what reactions must occur for the amino acid monomers in the protein of the Apple to be converted to proteins in your body?
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released in hydrolysis reactions, incorporated into proteins by dehydration reactins
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What is the formula for a monosaccharide with three carbons?
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C3 H6 O3
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Difference between the structure of a fat (triglyceride) and a phospholipid:
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Both have glycerol molecules attached to fatty acids Fats- three fatty acids attached Phospholipid- twp fatty acids, one phosphate group
