Ch. 5 Interpersonal Communication – Flashcards

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Phonological Rules
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Govern how sounds are combined to form words.
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Syntactic Rules
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Govern the way symbols can be arranged.
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Semantic Rules
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Govern our use of language, and meaning of statements.
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Pragmatic rules
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We learn to distinguish the accurate meanings of such speech acts through this, that tell us what uses and interpretations of a message are appropriate in a given context.
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Coordinated Management of Meaning (CMM)
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A theory that describes some types of pragmatic rules that operate in everyday conversations.
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Linguistic Relativism
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The worldview of a culture is shaped and reflected by the language its members speak.
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Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
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The best-known declaration of linguistic relativism.
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Convergence
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Communication researchers call the process of adapting one's speech style to match that of others with whom the communicator wants to identify....
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Divergence
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Communicators who want to set themselves apart from others adopt the strategy of...., speaking in a way that emphasizes their differences.
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Sexist Language
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includes words, phrases, and expressions that unnecessarily differentiate between females and males or exclude, trivialize, or diminish the other sex.
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Two Ways to eliminate sexist language:
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Eliminating sex-specific terms or substituting neutral terms, and to mark sex clearly.
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Racist Language
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Reflects a worldview that classifies members of one racial group as superior and others as inferior.
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Ambiguous Language
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Consists of words and phrases that have more than one commonly accepted definition.
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Abstraction Ladder
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Shows how to describe the same phenomenon at various levels of abstraction.
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Euphemisms
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Innocuous terms substituted for blunt ones.
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Relative Language
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Gains meaning by comparison.
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Static Evaluation
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Descriptions or evaluations that use the word "is" contain....- the usually mistaken assumption that people or things are consistent and unchanging.
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"it" statements
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replace the personal pronoun "I" with the less immediate construction "it's".
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"I" language
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clearly identifies the speaker as the source of a message.
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"but" statements
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explains why, has the effect of canceling the thought that precedes it.
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"You" language
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Expresses a jugement of the other person.
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"We" language
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implies that the issue is the concern and responsibility of both the speaker and receiver of a message.
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Factual statements
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Claims that can be verified as true or false.
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Opinion statements
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Based on the speaker's beliefs.
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Inferential statements
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Conclusions arrived at from an interpretation of evidence.
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Emotive language
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Seems to describe something but really announces the speaker's attitude toward it.
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