Ch 4 Quiz – Flashcards

__________ societies contained a strict hierarchical system of power based around land ownership and protection. a) Industrial b) Feudal c) Agricultural d) Hunter-gatherer

Which of the following is NOT an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy? a) Charlotte is an intelligent teenager, but her stepsisters tell her she's destined for a life of poverty and failure. Charlotte begins to do poorly in school, and she eventually drops out. b) Though encouraged by his parents to audition for a prestigious music school, Jose believes he isn't good enough to attend. After his audition, he expresses this reluctance to the admissions committee. They don't admit him due to his lack of certainty. c) Morgan overhears a professor predicting the economic recession will prevent entry-level graduates from finding gainful employment. Morgan goes on interviews but doesn't bother preparing, convinced it's a waste of time. Morgan appears unprofessional and is not hired. d) Kevin sprained his ankle a month before a marathon. Though his trainer advises him not to participate, Kevin runs the marathon and places first.

The Agricultural Revolution is often referred to as the "dawn of civilization" because __________. a) cities and towns were established, and humans had more time for leisure activities b) societies began to form where rainfall was plentiful, and groups were able to cultivate plants instead of living nomadic lifestyles c) tribes became nomadic, traveling to various locations in search of sustenance d) animals were first domesticated as a resource for survival

Functionalist Émile Durkheim viewed society as __________. a) an even playing field composed of the educated and uneducated b) split between two classes categorized by education, kinship, and religion c) the product of class struggle, requiring social revolutions to correct rampant class inequality d) an organism in which each portion plays a vital role in keeping the organism stable and healthy

On the first day of high school, Kaitlin overhears a group of girls calling her "goth" and "emo." She soon begins to don more black clothing, dark makeup, and seek out friends who dress the same. This is an example of __________. a) institutionalization b) role performance c) role strain d) ascribed status

Which of the following is NOT an example of organic solidarity? a) A Ford Motors employee assembling taillights on an assembly line b) A freelance artist creating a sculpture of Barack Obama c) A fast-food employee putting burgers into their buns d) A toll-booth employee collecting toll change

A judge and her gavel. A cop and his gun. A lawyer and her power suit. A __________ would be most concerned with the parts these objects play in impression management. a) functionalist b) symbolic interactionist c) feminist d) conflict theorist

Durkheim defined the __________ as the communal beliefs, morals, and attitudes of a society. a) collective conscience b) iron cage c) bourgeoisie d) proletariat

The concept anomie can be defined as __________. a) a situation in which society no longer has the support of a firm collective consciousness b) how strongly a person is connected to his or her social group c) a situation in which a person's beliefs and ideology are in conflict with her best interests d) how one or more of an individual's roles clash

Which of the following is an example of role strain? a) Derek attends law school and becomes a lawyer, though he dreams of one day becoming a famous novelist. b) Becca returns to work after giving birth to her daughter, finding it difficult to act as mother, wife, and executive. c) Alex takes a break from his job as a professor of molecular biology to raise his two young children. d) Krista lands a role in a soap opera and begins receiving fan mail from fans across the country.

Postindustrial societies are rooted in the production of material goods. True False

Karl Marx asserted that a society's culture forms its base, upon which its other structures rest. True False

Capitalism is an economic system in which the means of production like factories and trains are owned by individual people rather than by the government. True False

Max Weber described a rational society as one built around logic and efficiency rather than morality or tradition. True False

Habitualization is the act of implanting a convention or norm into society. True False

Marx believed that work can allow people to live, be creative, and flourish. True False

Alienation is a disorienting sense of exclusion and separation. True False

Marx encouraged factory workers to be satisfied with their working conditions. True False

The video "Charlie Chaplin - Factory Work" is an example of the challenges factory workers may face as a result of rationalization. True False

The video "First taste of chocolate in Ivory Coast" offers an example of how capitalism can alienate workers from the products of their labor. True False