Ch. 4: Nonverbal Communication
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adapters
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gestures we use to release tension; satisfy needs
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affect displays
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nonverbal gestures, postures, and facial expressions that communicate emotions; emotion
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contact culture
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cultures are frequent in touching
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contamination
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type of intrusion in which someone's territory is marked with noise or pollution
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chronemics
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study of the ways in which time is used to structure interactions
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deception cues
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things like avoiding eye contact, looking down, fidgeting, clearing throat, using lots of fillers; breaking or being unable to sustain eye contact
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deintensification
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to reduce the intensity of our facial expression of a certain emotion
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emblems
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specific, widely understood meanings in a given culture that may actually substitute for word/phrase; middle finger; verbal translation (shrug shoulders)
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emoticons
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textual expression of emotions that show feelings in digital world
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environment
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nonverbal behaviors; study of our surroundings; physical setting of a presentation
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gestures
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hand movement used to emphasize and reinforce a message
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haptics
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nonverbal behavior of touch - empathy, flirting, handshake, etc.
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illustrators
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gestures that complement, enhance, substitute for the verbal message; gesticulations; gesticulation that accompanies speech and aids in description of what's being said
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impression management
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formation of an impression, perception, view of the other
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intenstification
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to use an expression that exaggerates how we feel about something
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intimate zone
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reserved for our significant others, family members, and closest friends - 0 to 18 in.
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invasion
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an intense and typically permanent intrusion, in which the intention is to take over a given territory
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kinesics
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nonverbal behavior of body movement; face and physical - includes emblems, illustrators, affect displays, regulators, adapters
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masking
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to hide an expression connected to felt emotion and replace it with expression more appropriate to situation
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monochronic
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time orientation that stresses being on time and maintaining schedule for events
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neutralization
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using facial expression to erase or numb how we really feel
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noncontact culture
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infrequent in touching
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nonverbal communication
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the ways we communicate without words; includes clothing, physical appearance, gestures, etc. - can't not communicate - 92% of all human communication
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nonverbal immediacy
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use of closeness-inducing nonverbal behavioral cues
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personal zone
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reserved for personal relationships with casual acquaintances/friends - 18 in to 4 ft.
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physical appearance
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observable traits of the body and accessories and extensions; nonverbal behavior
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physical attractiveness
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perception of beauty derived from cultures
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polychronic
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time orientation that places less emphasis on keeping a tight schedule and values greater flexibility
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proxemics
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nonverbal behavior; study of how we use space and distance to communicate - intimate: 0- 18 in. - personal: 1.5- 4 ft. - social: 4- 12 ft.
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public zone
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distance typical of large, formal, public events - over 12 ft.
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regulators
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gestures used to control the turn-taking in conversation; keep convo going
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social zone
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distance at which we usually talk to strangers/ conduct business - 4 ft. to 12 ft.
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somatyping
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system that classifies people according to their body type
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territoriality
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study of how people use space and objects to communicate occupancy or ownership of space
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violation
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use of or intrusion into primary territory w/o permission
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vocalics
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study of the use of voice to express oneself
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Why Use NV Communication
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- words have limits - powerful - messages more genuine - symbols can communicate inappropriate messages - send complex and complicated messages - regulates interaction
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olfactics
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nonverbal behavior of smells; conjures up memories
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artifacts
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nonverbal behavior; personal objects; jewelry
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paralanguage
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nonverbal behavior of vocal qualities... quiet, loud, etc.
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types of nonverbal behavior
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- kinesics - haptics - physical appearance - olfactics - artifacts - proxemics - environmental factors - paralanguage - silence
