Ch. 4 Financial Forecasting – Flashcards
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The importance of the pro forma income statement is to provide a projection of how much _____ is anticipated over the ensuing time period.
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profit
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The primary considerations for cash payments are monthly costs associated with:
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inventory manufactured during period (material, labor, and overhead) disbursements for general and administrative expenses, interest payments, taxes, and dividends
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A company has sales of $1,000,000, cost of goods sold at 60% of sales, general and administrative expenses of $250,000, interest expenses of $25,000, and a tax rate of 40%. The firm's earnings after taxes is _____
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$75,000 sales - cogs - selling and admin- interest expense - taxes
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1 2 3 4
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Establish sales projection Determine a production schedule Compute other expenses Determine profit
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The production plan is dependent upon the _____ projection
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sales
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The inventory methods used most commonly for determining cost of goods sold include:
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FIFO - first in, first out LIFO - last in, first out
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It is crucial that a firm ensure that adequate cash is available to _____
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meet maturing obligations Adequate cash flows are the lifeblood of a corporation allowing it to pay its bills as they come due.
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A firm that does not wish to borrow to meet anticipated sales growth may instead decide to:
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issue preferred stock issue additional common stock use its retained earnings
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The most comprehensive means of financial forecasting is to
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develop a series of projected, or pro forma, financial statements
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A company anticipates monthly sales of $400,000 (i.e., per month in January, February, March, and April). Material costs represents 55% of sales and due to level production, material purchases will be equal for each month. Labor costs are expected to be $15,000 in January, $18,000 in February, $14,000 in March, and $19,000 in April. Fixed overhead is $10,000 per month. General and administrative expenses are $2,500 per month, an interest expense of $2,500 is paid in March, new equipment is purchased for $10,000 in February, and a dividend of $3,000 is paid in March. The company's total cash payments in March are _____
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$252,000
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The difference between total cash receipts and total cash payments is referred to as
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Net cash flow
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A firm using the FIFO inventory accounting method has beginning inventory of 300 units at a cost of $15 each. During the period the firm produced 700 units at a cost of $17 each. If the firm sold 800 units during the period, what is the value of the ending inventory.
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$3,400 Sold 300 @$15 and 500 @$17, leaving 200 @ $17 in ending inventory
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A firm's operating is $50, 000, interest expense is $4,000, the tax rate is 35%, and common stock dividends are $2,500. Calculate the firm's earnings after taxes:
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$29,900 $50k - 4k = $46k x 35% = EAT
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What is the inventory accounting method that first allocates the cost of current sales to goods manufactured during the period until current production is depleted, and then to beginning inventory?
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LIFO
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The pro forma balance sheet is developed by integrating the information from the _____
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pro forma income statement and cash budget
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The information used to prepare the pro forma balance sheet comes from the following:
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prior year's balance sheet, cash budget, pro forma income statement
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A firm has total receipts of $16,000, $20,000, ; $18,000 and total payments of $12,000, $15,000, ; $12,500, in January, February, ; March, respectively. The firm's net cast flow for January is _____
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$4,000 =$16k-$12k
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The primary purpose of the _____ budget is to allow the firm to anticipate the need for outside funding at the end of each month.
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cash
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Which of the following two methods provides a month-to-month breakdown of the data 1) systems approach 2) Percent of sales
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Systems approach
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a firm using fifo inventory accounting method has a beginning inventory of 300 units at a cost of $15 each. During the period the firm produced 700 units at a cost of $17 each. If the firm sold 800 units during the period, the cost of goods sold is _____
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$13,000 sold 300 units @ $15 and then 500 units @ $17, for a total of 800 units sold (200 remain in inventory @ $17) Thus, CoGS = $13,000
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A company that has the ability to increase sales with its current plant and equipment is said to be
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operating at less than full capacity
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The firm projects at 500,000 units and requires an ending inventory of 25,000 units. If the firm's beginning inventory is 50,000 units, what is the firm's production requirement for the period.
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475k = 500k + 25k - 50k
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A company has forecasted sales of $50,000 in January, $40,000 in February, and $60,000 in March. All sales are on credit with 50% collected in the month of the sale, 30% collected in the month following the sale, and the remaining amount collected in the second month after the sale. What will the accounts receivable balance be after collections are made in the month of March.
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=$38,000 A/R at the end of March (i.e., credit not yet collected) will be 30% + 20% of Mar ($60k x .5 = $30k) + 20% of Feb ($40k x .2 = $8k) = $38k
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What is the inventory accounting method for inventory that first allocates the cost of current sales to beginning inventory and then to goods manufactured during the period?
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FIFO
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Which of the following is more likely to need to raise additional long-term capital to support its anticipated sales growth?
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A firm operating at full capacity will have to buy more plant & equipment to sustain its growth, thus it is more likely to need to raise additional capital.
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The _____ method assumes that accounts on the balance sheet will maintain a given percentage relationship to sales
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percent-of-sales
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Financial forecasting is essential to the strategic _____ of the firm.
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growth
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A firm determines that sales will rise from $500,000 to $750,000 next year. The relationship of variable assets to sales is 50% and the relationship of variable liabilities to sales is 20%. The firm has a 10% profit margin and a dividend payout ratio of 30%. What is the level of new funds required?
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$22,500 RNF = .5($250k) - .2($250k) - (.1 x $750k) x (1-.3)
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The difference between total cash receipts and total cash payments is referred to as
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Net Cash Flow
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A firm operating at full capacity will require a _____ level of new funds than a firm operating at less than full capacity
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higher a firm that is operating at full capacity will be faced with the need to purchase additional plant & equipment to support its sales growth.
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A firm anticipates a 30% growth in sales this coming year, Last year the firm had the following figures expressed as a percentage of sales: cash at 10%, accounts receivable at 25%, and inventory at 20%. Using the percentage-of-sales forecasting method, what percentage growth in current liabilities is needed to sustain the growth in sales?
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16.5% CL must increase by an equal amount to the increase in the CA items. So, that is: =(10%+25%+20%) x 30% = 55% x 30% = 16.5%
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A firm anticipates cash receipts for February of $20k and for March of $30k. Cash payments are expected to be $5k in February and $7k in March. The cash balance at the beginning of February was $6k, which is the level the firm wishes to maintain, At the beginning of February, the firm has a $21k loan balance on a line of credit with a local bank. Based on cash budget, how much can the firm repay in February and March?
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$15k & $6k, respectively, with a $23k cash balance at the end of March February $16k (Feb Net CF) + $6k (Beg Cash Bal) = $21k (Cum Cash Bal - $6k End Cash Bal) = $15k Feb Repayment March $23k (mar net cf) + 6K (beg cash bal) - $29k (cum cash bal - $6k feb repayment = $23k mar end cash
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The firm projects at 500,000 units and requires an ending inventory of 25,000 units. If the firm's beginning inventory is 50,000 units, what is the firm's production requirement for the period.
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475k = 500k + 25k - 50k