ch 3&4 vocab – Flashcards
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sovereignty
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a country's freedom and power to decide on policies and actions
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unitary system
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a system of government in which one central government holds most of the political power
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federation
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a government structure in which some powers are given to the national government and other powers are reserved for more local governments
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confederation
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a system of government in which individual political units keep their soverignty but give limited power to a central government
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authoritarian
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descriptive of a system of government in which the leaders hold all the political power
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dictatorship
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a system of government in which absolute power is held by a small group or one person
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totalitarianism
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a system of government in which a central authority controls all aspects of society
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monarchy
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a system of authoritarian government headed by a monarch-a king, queen, shah, or sultan-whose position is usually inherited
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democracy
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a system of government in which the people are invested with the power to choose their leaders and government policy
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traditional economy
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an economic system in which families produce goods and services for their own use, with little surplus and exchange of goods; also known as a subsistence economy
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market economy
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an economic system in which decisions about production, price, and other economic factors are determined by the law of supply and demand
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command economy
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an economic system that is controlled by a single central government
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natural resource
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a material in the natural environment that people value and use to satisfy their needs
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renewable resource
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a natural resource that the environment continues to supply or replace as it is used
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nonrenewable resource
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a natural resource that cannot be replaced once it is used
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geothermal energy
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energy produced from the earths intense interior heat
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solar energy
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energy produced by the sun
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primary economic activity
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an economic activity that takes or uses natural resources directly, such as fishing or mining
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subsistence farming
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farming that provides only enough for a family or a village
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commercial farming
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the raising of crops and livestock for sale in markets
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secondary economic activity
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an economic activity in which people use raw materials to produce or manufacture new products of greater value
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cottage industry
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a small-scale manufacturing operation ussing little technology, often located in or near peoples homes
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commercial industry
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a large-scale manufacturing operation that employs many people and produces large quantities of goods
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tertiary economic activity
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an economic activity in which people do not directly gather or process raw materials but pursue activities that serve others; service industry
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quaternary economic activity
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an economic activity that focuses on the acquistion, processing, and sharing of information, such as education or research
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export
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an item sent out of a country for sale
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import
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an item brought in to a country for sale
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