question

How long was Gorbachev in power as leader of the Soviet Union, developing the policies he hoped would revitalize the nation, but instead accelerated its breakup in 1991?

answer

6 years

question

Which came FIRST in the sequence of developments that brought sweeping changes in the communist world in the late 1980s and early 1990s?

answer

Free elections gave non-communists a majority in the Polish parliament

question

For how many years did the Soviet Armed forces interfere in the war in Afghanistan before they were withdrawn in 1988?

answer

8 years

question

For how many years was Russia under communist control?

answer

74

question

In which decade of the 20th century did the Soviet Union collapse?

answer

1990s

question

"year of democracy"

answer

1989

question

Which of the following events in the Soviet Union's attempt to control its satellite countries occurred LAST?

answer

Solidarity is outlawed in Poland

question

the Brezhnev Doctrine asserted that the Soviet Union would

answer

interfere in Eastern European nations to preserve communist ruleseek a disarmament agreement with NATO

question

Many people in the Soviet Union were reluctant to open their own business or operate their own farms under Gorbachev's perestroika because

answer

the economic changes were inconsistent with communist theorythey feared the government might reverse itself and reimpose controls

question

Which of the following CORRECTLY states Yeltsin's political bias?

answer

Yeltsin was a democratic reformer seeking to avoid violence

question

Nikia Khrushchev became the leader of the Soviet Union

answer

after a power struggle during which others lost influence

question

Khrushchev surprised the world and the Soviet people in 1956 when he made a speech before the Communist Party Congress denouncing

answer

Stalin

question

The LONGEST period of power between the death of Stalin and the collapse of the Soviet Union was held by

answer

Brezhnev

question

In 1968, Brezhnev ordered the Soviet army and troops of other Eastern European nations to crush a liberal communist regime in

answer

Czechoslovakia

question

In 1980, Brezhnev sent in Soviet troops to assist a pro-communist government threatened by rebels in

answer

Afghanistan

question

"glasnost"

answer

citizens and the press were free to criticize the government

question

"Perestroika"

answer

economy

question

Relations between the U.S. and U.S.S.R. improved in 1987 when Presidents signed the INF nuclear

answer

eliminate all short and intermediate-range nuclear missiles

question

In 1988, Gorbachev ended an unpopular Soviet military involvement by

answer

withdrawing from Afghanistan

question

The FIRST person of Russia elected directly by the people in relatively free elections was

answer

Boris Yelstin

question

The attempt in August 1991 to remove Gorbachev from power was led by

answer

Communist Party and military leaders

question

Renamed St. Petersburg in 1991, what was the name of the city during the communist era?

answer

Leningrad

question

The Commonwealth of Independent States is an association of

answer

twelve of the nations of the former Soviet Union

question

Mikhail Gorbachev resigned as president of the Soviet Union in December 1991 because

answer

the U.S.S.R. was dissolved in Dec 1991

question

The three-man ruling group that took power in the Soviet Union when Stalin died

answer

Malenkov, Molotov, and Beria

question

Khrushchev's power in the U.S.S.R. weakened when he was forced beck down from his plans to

answer

Cuba

question

Khrushchev's leadership of the U.S.S.R. ended when

answer

the Communist Party leadership voted to replace him

question

The failure of Soviet agricultural policy under Khrushchev and Brezhnev was demonstrated by

answer

the need to import grain from the U.S. and other nation

question

Solidarity, the first trade union organization in Eastern Europe to become an effective force, was in

answer

Poland

question

Upon his death, Brezhnev was succeeded as leader of the Communist Party by

answer

Yuri Andropov

question

Mikhail Gorbachev was the FIRST leader of the Soviet Union who was

answer

born into communism after the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution

question

Which policy of a communist leader in earlier Soviet history is "perestroika" most similar to?

answer

NEP

question

All of the following are aspects of Gorbachev's plan to restructure the economy, EXCEPT

answer

barring other nations from investing Soviet business enterprises

question

Perestroika failed to improve the Soviet economy for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT

answer

the lack of interest

question

The Soviet economy in the late 1980s and early 1990s was characterized by all of the following problems, EXCEPT

answer

increased central government direction of the economy

question

The FIRST nation in Eastern Europe to hold free, democratic elections in over 50 years was

answer

Poland

question

Gorbachev restructured the government of the Soviet Union between 1988 and 1990 by

answer

replacing the Supreme Soviet with the Congress of People's Deputies

question

Before the attempted coup in 1991, Gorbachev responded to the demands of the republics within the Soviet Union for greater independence by

answer

negotiating a Union Treaty for a looser confederation of the republics

question

The FIRST of the former republics of the Soviet Union to be recognized as completely independent

answer

were the Baltic state of

question

The people of Russia looked to Boris Yeltsin for leadership instead of Mikhail Gorbachev in late 1991 bc

answer

Yeltsin had been elected by the people as president of Russia

question

Communist gov't's surrendered one-party control in 1989 and called for free elections in all of the nations EXCEPT

answer

Yugoslavia

question

The most violent political change in Eastern Europe took place in 1989 with the revolutionary overthrow and execution of Nicolae Ceausescu

answer

Romania

question

The FIRST step toward the reunification of Germany took place in November 1989 when

answer

the Berlin Wall was opened and free entry to West Berlin was allowed

question

Under what conditions was Germany reunified?

answer

East Germany was absorbed into Federal Republic of Germany

question

The Warsaw Pact, the military alliance of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe,

answer

was dissolved in 1991

question

The three Slavic republic that took the final step that broke up the Soviet Union by creation the Commonwealth of Independent States in December 1991 were

answer

Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus

question

Which of the three nations of the former Soviet Union have NOT joined the CIS?

answer

Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania

question

Slovenia was able to declare its secession from Yugoslavia and its independence in 1991 EXCEPT

answer

the population of Slovenia is greater than that of the remaining republics

question

Second nation to develop an atomic bomb was

answer

the Soviet Union

question

The U.S. submarine was the first to

answer

travel under the ice cap at the North Pole

question

ICBMs

answer

long-range nuclear weapons-carrying missiles

question

SLBMs are launched from

answer

submarines

question

SALT I

answer

an agreement to limits on nuclear missiles

question

START II is a treaty that

answer

reduces the number of nuclear-armed missiles held by the U.S. and Russia

question

Sputnik

answer

man-made satellite placed into orbit

question

Cloned animals are

answer

exact genetic duplicates of a cell-donor animal

question

MIRVs

answer

missile warheads containing many nuclear bombs

question

ABMs are designed to

answer

destroy ICBMs that are approaching

question

The greatest threat to wildlife is

answer

destruction of habitat

question

A nuclear arms race began in

answer

1949

question

"space race"

answer

1957

question

"oil crisis"

answer

1973

question

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty sought to

answer

prevent the spread of nuclear weapons to nations that did not already have them

question

In what year was the Truman Doctrine announced?

answer

1947

question

The commemoration of the Berlin Airlift in 1998 marked which anniversary of the historic event?

answer

50th

question

For how many years did the Berlin Wall remain standing?

answer

28 years

question

How many years did the Cold War last?

answer

45 years

question

The nation that suffered the GREATEST losses in lives and property damage during WWII was

answer

the U.S.S.R.

question

Holocaust

answer

planned extermination of Jews in Nazi death camps

question

After WWII, Germany was divided into 4 occupation zones with a zone each for Great Britain, Soviet Union, U.S., and

answer

France

question

Peace treaties were signed in 1947 with all of the following Axis nations, EXCEPT

answer

Austria

question

"iron curtain"

answer

barriers to prevent travel and communication between Eastern and Western Europe

question

Under its foreign policy of containment, the U.S. promised to

answer

prevent further expansion of Soviet domination of other nations

question

All of the following nations received Marshall Plan aid from the U.S., EXCEPT

answer

Poland

question

President Tito of Yugoslavia was able to resist pressures from the Soviet Union in 1948 to become a Soviet Satellite state because

answer

there were no Soviet troops in Yugoslavia

question

The only non-communist nation in the Balkans in 1948 was

answer

Greece

question

The Charter of the United Nations was adopted

answer

in the year WWII ended

question

The Security Council of the United Nations CURRENTLY has how many members?

answer

15

question

Which of the major organs of the United Nations has had its workload and jurisdiction considerably decreased since the United Nations began?

answer

Trusteeship Council

question

The Secretariat of the United Nations is MOST similar to what part of a national government?

answer

executive branch

question

Which of the following members of NATO was NOT a founding member in 1949?

answer

West Germany

question

The Warsaw Pact is the Eastern European counterpart of

answer

NATO

question

The Berlin Airlift was conducted in 1948 and 1949 in response to

answer

Soviet action barring road and rail traffic between Berlin and the West

question

The Soviet and East German blockade of Berlin lasted for

answer

almost a year

question

The capital city of West Germany when it became an independent nation was

answer

Bonn

question

When South Korea was invaded by North Korea, direct military assistance to resist aggression came from

answer

the United Nations which called for members to send troops

question

The estimated number of Jews killed in Europe during the Holocaust is

answer

6 million

question

The concept of war crimes in international law

answer

became established at the end of WWII

question

All of the following Nazi leaders committed suicide, EXCEPT

answer

Rudolf Hess

question

The Declaration on Liberated Europe submitted by the U.S. at the Yalta Conference called for

answer

coalition interim governments in liberated nations and free elections

question

In 1947, Turkey received U.S. military and economic aid under the

answer

Truman Doctrine

question

The only Axis nation to gain territory under the peace treaties ending WWII was

answer

Bulgaria

question

In 1946, the United Nations and the Western Allies forced the Soviet Union the withdraw from

answer

Iran

question

The Cominform was established by the Soviet Union to

answer

aid communist parties in West European nations

question

The Soviet Union applied pressures on Turkey to

answer

share control of the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits

question

The nations of Eastern Europe did NOT apply for Marshall Plan aid because

answer

the Soviet Union

question

All of the following nations were original members of NATO, EXCEPT

answer

Ireland

question

The Berlin Airlift demonstrated that

answer

the U.S. was committed to the defense of Berlin against the U.S.S.R.

question

The Soviets did not shoot down U.S. cargo planes flying across East Germany during the Berlin Airlift because the Soviet

answer

policy-makers were unwilling to take the risk of a military response from the U.S.

question

The FIRST chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany when it was established in 1949 was

answer

Konrad Adenauer

question

In the years following the death of Stalin, relations between the Soviet Union and the Western powers

answer

improved for a while, but then became more strained

question

The Korean War ended after three years of fighting in

answer

an armistice

question

North Korea was assisted in its war with South Korea by the armed forces of

answer

Communist china

question

The Soviet Union, Great Britain, the U.S., and France signed a peace treaty in 1955 with

answer

Austria

question

"spirit of Geneva"

answer

friendly relations at a summit meeting of U.S.S.R. and Western leaders

question

The president of the United States who attended summit meetings in 1955 and 1960 and who hosted Khrushchev during a visit to the United States was

answer

Dwight Eisenhower

question

The Berlin Wall was built by the East Germans and the Soviet Union to

answer

stop the flood refugees leaving East Germany for the West via West Berlin

question

Which East European government, following anti-Soviet demonstrations in 1956, chose a leader opposed by the U.S.S.R. .......

answer

Poland

question

Soviet tanks and troops were sent to crush a democratic, anti-communist revolution in 1956 in

answer

Hungary

question

During the Soviet suppression of the revolution in Hungary in 1956, the United Nations

answer

condemned the U.S.S.R. and called for Soviet withdrawal

question

The communist nation in Eastern Europe that broke with the Soviet Union and became politically and philosophically allied with Communist China was

answer

Albania

question

How many voted are needed to pass resolutions on issues of importance in the Security Council of the United Nations?

answer

9 votes, including those of the permanent members

question

Why are three of the five permanent members of the Security Council from Europe?

answer

They were among the major allies that defeated Germany and Japan in WWII

question

The United Nations has been MOST successful in

answer

ending fighting between small nations

question

A United Nations agency that specializes in developing programs to improve nutrition and the production of farms, forests, and fisheries is the

answer

FAO

question

One of the MAJOR successes of the ECOSOC of the United Nations has been to

answer

eradicate smallpox through vaccinations in less-developed nations

question

The United Nations has been involved in a number of Arab-Israeli conflicts in the Middle East by

answer

sending peacekeeping forces to supervise cease-fire agreements

question

The justices of the International Court of Justice are

answer

elected by the General Assembly and Security Council of the U.N.

question

Under international law, the open oceans are

answer

free to be used by any nation's merchant or naval vessels

question

Describe proxy wars

answer

Conflicts in which the rival superpowers financed and armed competing factions or parties

question

The "Brazilian Solution" refers to

answer

a combination of dictatorship, violent repression, and government promotion of industrialization

question

Describe the socialist reforms that Salvador Allende sought to implement?

answer

redistribute wealth from the elite and middle classes to the poor

question

Describe the "Dirty War"

answer

The Argentinian military fought for 7 years against terrorism

question

Which United States president worked to re-establish Panamanian sovereignty in the Canal Zone?

answer

Jimmy Carter

question

The "Contras" were

answer

Anti- Sanolinists Nicaraguans financed by both legal and illegal funds provided by the Reagan administration

question

A poor policy decision by the Argentinean military junta that precipitated its collapse was the

answer

seizure of the Falkland islands and calling them the " Malvinas" from Great Britain

question

In 1982, _____________ could not make its debt payments, which triggered a world financial crisis.

answer

Mexico

question

Describe the life of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini?

answer

monarch of Iran, that opposed Western cultures and called U.S a " Great Satan" opposed to Islam

question

Describe the Iran-Contra deal?

answer

The answer on the test is D

question

Which country was engaged in an "unwinnable war" in 1978 with Afghanistan?

answer

Soviet Union

question

Describe the "Asian Tigers?"

answer

Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore that created rapid economic growth in their nations

question

All of the Newly Industrialized Economies (NIEs) share the characteristic of having

answer

disciplined and hardworking labor forces, and all heavily invested in education

question

Explain the leadership of Deng Xiaoping, China

answer

began to permit foreign investment and land wasn't privatized and the state became less lenient on the economy.

question

How did the Chinese government respond to the protests that culminated in Tiananmen Square?

answer

Tanks pushed into the square and killed hundreds, perhaps thousands

question

Describe the conditions of the Communist states by the 1980s and 1990s?

answer

deep divisions had appeared among communist states

question

Describe the policies of perestroika and glasnost. Who made them and why?

answer

Mikhail Gorbachev made them to address long- standing economic problems and popular discomfort

question

Describe "Solidarity"s

answer

a labor union that enrolled 9 million members and protest against the Soviet Union.

question

The playwright who was elected president of Czechoslovakia in 1990 was

answer

Vaclav Havel

question

East Germany was united with West Germany in what year

answer

1990

question

What powerful force ultimately caused the USSR to dissolve?

answer

a coup against Gorbachev and communism in Russia was botched

question

The result of the hard line Communist coup against Gorbachev was that

answer

disgust with communism boiled over

question

The Soviet Union was dissolved in what year

answer

1991

question

The cause of the Persian Gulf War was

answer

Saddam Hussein wishing to invade Kuwait

question

In 1798, Thomas Malthus argued that

answer

unchecked population growth would outstrip food supply

question

Societies that have made the "demographic transition" have

answer

Lowered fertility rates and reduced mortality

question

Developing nations that sponsored pro-nationalist policies often believed the

answer

larger populations increased national powers

question

Where do most people infected with the HIV virus live?

answer

less- developed regions

question

What explains the low birthrates of older industrial nations?

answer

higher levels of female education and employment, material value of consumer culture, access to contraception and abortion

question

Which countries has a declining life expectancy?

answer

In eastern Europe, the former soviet bloc

question

What two nations account for approximately one third of the world's population?

answer

India and China

question

Older industrial countries such as Sweden suffer from a population burden of

answer

an aging population and declining labor pool that makes it less competitive

question

Because Japan has the oldest population of any industrial nation, it has

answer

invested heavily in technological solutions to the problem of its aging population

question

Increases in global immigration are due in large part to

answer

intractable poverty and growing population

question

Despite the unprecedented global economic growth since 1945, the majority of the world's population

answer

remains in poverty

question

The growing gap between rich and poor nations is exemplified by the fact that one billion people in the world

answer

lived on less than $500 a year in 2001

question

In the United States greater wealth inequality was in part to

answer

tax reforms of Ronald Reagen and George W. Bush and 1990s stock market born

question

Internal migration in developing nations resulted in

answer

Shantytowns round major cities

question

Although immigrants from developing nations bring many benefits to a new country, they

answer

ethnic and racial tensions in host nation

question

Anti-immigrant feelings in industrialized nations are mostly due to

answer

The answer on the test is B

question

How has technological innovation after World War II changed our world?

answer

it increased productivity, disseminated human creativity, and altered the way people live/work/ play

question

As Western economies recovered from World War II, most

answer

consumers wanted producers that reduced their workloads or provided entertainment

question

The technology that best symbolizes the innovations of the last fifty years is

answer

the computer

question

The primary agent of technological change is the

answer

The answer on the test is C

question

Which country has arguably the worst environmental record?

answer

Soviet Union

question

Describe some efforts to preserve the environment

answer

- The clean air act - The clean water act - The endangered Species Act

question

Explain the phrase "iron curtain"

answer

A watchword for the Cold War coined by Winston Churchill.

question

Explain what the Cold War was

answer

The state of political tension and military rivalry between the U.S and its allies and the Soviet Union and its satellites.

question

Explain what the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was

answer

Military alliances created in 1949 by the U.S and its allies against the Soviet Union.

question

Why was the World Bank created

answer

To provide funds for reconstructing Europe and helping needy countries after the war.

question

Explain the Marshall Plan

answer

It provided 12.5 billion in aid to friendly European nations to support reconstruction.

question

The success of the European Economic Community, or Common Market, is evident through

answer

Their overtaking the U.S in industrial production.

question

In the Soviet Union there was a post war economic recovery followed by

answer

A less responsive and efficient economy and low production of consumer goods.

question

In order to resist Soviet pressure, the Truman Doctrine offered military aid to

answer

Turkey and Greece

question

The Soviet counterpart to NATO was called the

answer

Warsaw Pact

question

Explain the causes of the Korean War

answer

Communist North Korea invaded non-communist South Korea, the South was supported by the UN.

question

The Korean War was limited to the Korean peninsula because

answer

The U.S feared that going into China might prompt the Soviet Union to retaliate.

question

Restrictions on U.S. military operations during the Vietnam War were designed to

answer

To prevent a wider war with Chinese involvement and possible nuclear confrontation.

question

When the United States discovered the Soviet Union had deployed nuclear missiles in Cuba in 1962, it sparked

answer

Fear and preparation of invasion of Cuba.

question

Explain the Helsinki Accords

answer

Final act of the CSCE that affirmed that no boundaries should be changed by military force.

question

What event was the catalyst for the space race

answer

The Soviet Union placed a small Sputnik Satellite into orbit around Earth

question

Nations became independent at the end of World War II primarily because of

answer

Anti-imperialist and independence movement caused WWII victors losing nearly all imperial possessions

question

Which ways were India and Pakistan different?

answer

Pakistan was religious defined and fell under dictatorship, while Secular India was a republic. India was larger and had more resources

question

In 1947 India and Pakistan went to war over the

answer

Kashmir

question

The Dutch East Indies are known by what other name

answer

Indonesia

question

After World War II, France considered Algeria to be

answer

An actual part of France

question

Describe the causes and effects of the French-Algerian War?

answer

Many angry colonist left to France undermining the Algerian economy, Algeria kept economic ties to France.

question

The first British colony in West Africa to gain independence was

answer

Egypt and Libya

question

Kenya faced a difficult task in winning independence mostly because of

answer

British opposition including banning all protests and imprisoning leaders

question

Independence in French West Africa came slowly because of

answer

The promises of Charles de Gaulle and African Patriotism

question

South African governments used policies of racial segregation called

answer

Apartheid

question

Which leader of the African National Congress organized guerrilla resistance in 1960?

answer

Nelson Mandela

question

The United States overthrew the Guatemalan government in 1954 because

answer

Fears/reports that Jacobo Arbenz was becoming friendly to communism

question

In 1956, 25 percent of Cuban national income was derived from

answer

Sugar

question

The Cuban government was overthrown by Fidel Castro mostly because

answer

Popular discontent with Batista

question

The Bay of Pigs invasion

answer

Was an effort to overthrow Castro, but JFK sent less air support then what was planned

question

The goal of Castro and his revolution was to

answer

Break the economic and political power of the U.S in Cuba

question

Third World nations were

answer

Nations that were neutral in the East/West struggle

question

In 1956, Israel, Great Britain, and France joined together to

answer

Invade Egypt, overthrew Nasir to regain the Suez Canal and protect Israel

question

The Cold War isolated and excluded Japan from world political issues, helping Japan to

answer

Rebuild their industries and engage in world commerce

question

Mao Zedong's 1958 Great Leap Forward was a plan designed to

answer

Vault China into the ranks of world industrial power by maximizing labor in small scale industry and collect civilization of agriculture

question

The 1966 Chinese Cultural Revolution was initially intended to

answer

Kindle revolutionary fervor in a new generation to ward off the stagnation and bureaucratization of the USSR

question

Since World War II, the most important political issue in Arab countries has been the

answer

Struggle with Israel

question

Explain the created of Israel and its struggles with its Arab neighbors?

answer

The UN gave Jewish people a piece of land in Palestine to create Israel that Palestinians opposed

question

Explain the Six Day War of 1967?

answer

Israel responded to threatening Egyptian military moves and won in 6 days

question

The superpowers didn't view the struggle between Israel and the Arab States as a vital concern until

answer

Oil became a political issue

question

The Egyptian-Israeli war in 1973 led directly to the

answer

Embargo of oil shipping the U.S

question

An example of new awareness for environmental issues in the United States was the

answer

-Creation of Earth day -Environmental Protection Agency -Hydroelectric Dams -Nuclear Power Plant

question

The hijackers on September 11, 2001

answer

targeted buildings that symbolized American government, military, and trade

question

The motives for the September 11, 2001 attacks include

answer

anger at American influence in the Middle East

question

What is globalization

answer

the growing global economic, cultural, and political integration and interaction

question

The spread of democracy encourages

answer

political moderation

question

Which region(s) have made significant gains in extending democracy to people

answer

Eastern Europe and Latin America

question

After the death of Deng Xiaoping

answer

China has allowed greater freedom but not democracy

question

Democracy in Africa had "mixed results;" however, in 1994 South Africa

answer

elected Nelson Mandela and democracy was used to resolve conflicts

question

In the post Cold War era, international peacekeeping efforts have become complicated due to

answer

the autonomy of nation states.

question

The war in Bosnia in 1992 began when

answer

fighting erupted between Muslims, Catholics, and Orthodox groups in Yugoslavia

question

Efforts to eliminate people of a different ethnic group is called

answer

ethnic cleansing

question

What country eventually intervened to help the Bosnian Muslims

answer

United States

question

In 1994, the leaders of Rwanda

answer

committed genocide by inciting Hutu people to massacre the Tutsi

question

Why were major powers reluctant to intervene in conflicts

answer

They were afraid to become involved in long costly conflicts

question

The movement to restrict nuclear proliferation made progress in the 1960's and 1970s, but

answer

India and Pakistan tested nuclear weapons in 1998, North Korea continued weapons development secretly, China resumed nuclear weapons testing in 1992, and President Bush pushed for new nuclear weapon development

question

How are chemical and biological weapons different from nuclear weapons

answer

They are easily produced and hidden

question

What is the goal of terrorism

answer

to provoke harsh reprisals that would gain public sympathy

question

What did Usama bin Laden do after being expelled from Saudi Arabia

answer

he moved operations to Sudan and then Afghanistan

question

Anti-American attacks prior to September 11, 2001 included bombing the

answer

United States Embassy in Kenya, United States Embassy in Tanzania, and U.S.S. Cole in port in Yemen

question

An example of the United States government's aggressive policy toward terrorism was

answer

the overthrow of the Taliban in Afghanistan

question

In the 1990's, free trade appeared to be the best way achieve economic growth

answer

but also subjected markets to "busts" as well as "booms"

question

As investors increasingly put money in developing countries, the greatest beneficiary was

answer

China

question

In 2002, the European Union promoted economic growth and free trade by

answer

adopting a common currency, the Euro

question

The North American Free Trade Agreement

answer

eliminated tariffs among the United States, Canada, and Mexico

question

The World Trade Organization was founded to

answer

reduce trade barriers and enforce international trade agreements

question

Why does the World Trade Organization attract critics and protests

answer

It is dominated by the world's seven richest nations and Russia

question

At the turn of the millennium, some Christians thought the end of the world was coming; this is called

answer

millenarianism

question

Some Jews in Israel believe that God gave the Jews

answer

all the land included in the ancient Jewish kingdom

question

Muslim frustration stems from the failure of

answer

modernization to improve their status and income

question

Why do many Muslims hold an unfavorable opinion of the United States

answer

The United States supports Israel as well as undemocratic governments in the Muslim world

question

The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights reflected

answer

agreement against racism and imperialism

question

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights has most often been criticized because

answer

it ignores the values of non-Western cultures and religions

question

"NGOs" is an acronym for

answer

non-governmental organizations

question

Seventy percent of the people infected with AIDS live in

answer

Sub-Saharan Africa

question

Why did AIDS draw global attention from human rights advocates

answer

High mortality rates are association with poverty and expensive treatment

question

Warming caused by the earth's atmospheric gases is called the

answer

greenhouse effect

question

Which of the following is not one of the issues that were the focus of the International Women's Rights Conferences in Kenya and China

answer

equal access to jobs and education

question

At the International Women's Rights Conferences, non-Western women

answer

complained that Western women had narrow concerns and were condescending

question

A universally acceptable women's rights agenda at the International Women's Right's Conferences

answer

proved elusive

question

Cultural imperialism has spread Western tastes and styles around the globe by using

answer

global marketing

question

The most important factor in making Western culture available to the rest of the world was

answer

improved technology

question

Television did not spread to most non-Western cultures until the

answer

1980s

question

The Internet is

answer

a linkage of academic, governmental, and business computer networks

question

The post World War II decades were dominated by American cultural imperialism; however

answer

popular culture and products have become increasingly international

question

The rising importance of English as a global second language has been due to the

answer

use of English in former British colonies and importance of the United States in world affairs and business

question

There was a small European population in Africa; however,

answer

they made a deep social and economic impact

question

What impact did Europeans have on African health care

answer

Although they claimed to improve it, colonialism usually worsened health care

question

Christian religions proved attractive in some parts of Africa because

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they established mission schools

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In 1909, the African National Congress was founded by

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Western-educated lawyers and journalists

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Before World War II, African nationalist movements were

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small and had little influence

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World War II was most important for African independence movements because

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so many Africans served in Allied armies and learned new liberal ideas

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Although much of India is fertile land, its agriculture suffered mostly because of

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drought

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Among the many languages of India, the educated middle class communicated in

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English

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The Indian Civil Service was considered one of the most ____________ bureaucracies of all time

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honest

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In 1885, the Indian National Congress was founded by

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a small group of English-speaking Hindu professionals

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Indian Muslims formed a group to protest Hindu dominance of India called the

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All-India Muslim League

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When Indians defied the British and developed a steel industry, it

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inspired national pride and desire for self-rule

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Indian nationalists during World War I supported Britain enthusiastically and

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expected that India would be granted independence after the war

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Mohandas Gandhi was known to his followers as Mahatma, or

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"the great soul"

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Gandhi's "unusual" political ideas included

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non-violence

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Despite Gandhi's wealthy background, he

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attracted poor followers

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Gandhi protested British violence and policies by

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fasting

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During the 1920s, the British in India

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slowly gave Indians control over "national areas" such as education and the economy

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When Indians revolted against colonial authorities at the beginning of World War II, the British government

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offered India its independence after the war

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As India prepared for independence, the most serious problem was the

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struggle between Hindus and Muslims

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The 1947 independence of Pakistan and India was

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marred by violence between Muslims and Hindus

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In 1910, the most serious problem facing Mexico was

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the growing gap between rich and poor

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One percent of the Mexican population owned

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85 percent of the land

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The motto of General Porfirio Diaz during his thirty-four years if rule was

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"Liberty, order, progress"

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The Mexican Revolution can be described as

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the work of many ambitious but limited leaders

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What did Emiliano Zapata do with the land he seized

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returned it to the Indian villages

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Which of the following is not one of the reasons that the Constitutionalists eventually won control in Mexico

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They had more soldiers than Zapata and Villa

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The Mexican Revolution produced an "explosion" of creativity, for example, the

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paintings of Frida Kahlo

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The National Revolutionary Party (PRN) in 1928 in Mexico

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created a forum for labor, peasants, and business

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Argentina's government represented the interests of the oligarquia, which is

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a small group of wealthy land owners

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Both Argentina and Brazil had

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a small but outspoken middle class

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After World War I, radio communication in Latin America was controlled by

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a cartel of U.S., British, and French companies

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The Depression of 1929

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caused Argentina and Brazil to veer toward authoritarian regimes

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Varga's policy for industrialization of Brazil was not called

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mercantilism, "supply side" economics, decreasing returns to scale, or "demand side" economics

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A consequence of industrialization of Brazil was

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ecological changes

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In Argentina, Juan Perón was elected president in 1946 with the help of his

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wife, Eva Perón

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Roots of Cold War

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-War time conferences -Different world views -Partition of Germany

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Tehran Conference

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USSR was guaranteed to be the only power to liberate eastern Europe

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Yalta Conference

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Germany would be divided into four zones controlled by U.S., France, Britain and USSR

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Potsdam Conference

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Stalin wanted a "buffer zone" between Germany and USSR for protection against a future war

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Soviet POV

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U.S. & Britain did not open a western front in Europe early enough in WWII; millions of Soviet soldiers died fighting the brunt of Nazi armies alone until mid-1944

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US and Britain

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Froze Russia out of the atomic bomb project

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Stalin

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seemed intent on creating in eastern Europe, Areas in which countries have some political and economic control but do not govern directly (ex. Europe and U.S. in China)

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US

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wanted democracy spread throughout the world with a strong international organization to maintain global peace

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Partition of Germany

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USSR, U.S., Britain & France each occupied a part of Germany and theoretically would allow for German reunification once she was no longer a threat

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reparations payments

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Soviet Union stripped East Germany of much of its resources as

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U.S. and western Europeans

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believed the German economy was vital to the recovery of Europe

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West Germany

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became an independent country when US, France and Britain gave back each of their zones

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Marshall Plan

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A plan that the US came up with to revive war-torn economies of Europe. This plan offered $13 billion in aid to western and Southern Europe.(1948) massive transfer of aid money to help rebuild postwar Western Europe; was intended to bolster capitalist and democratic governments and prevent domestic communist groups from riding poverty and misery to power; the plan was first announced by Secretary of State George Marshall at Harvard's commencement in June 1947(1948) massive transfer of aid money to help rebuild postwar Western Europe; was intended to bolster capitalist and democratic governments and prevent domestic communist groups from riding poverty and misery to power; the plan was first announced by Secretary of State George Marshall at Harvard's commencement in June 1947U.S. sent a massive financial aid package of $13 billion to help war-torn Europe recover from the war

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Berlin Crisis

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Soviets attempted to remove the Allies from Berlin by cutting off access to the city

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Berlin during crisis

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partitioned into four sections, just as the whole of Germany had been partitioned after the war

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NATO

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..., North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countriesFounded in response to the Berlin Crisis, ..., North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries

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Warsaw Pact

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An alliance between the Soviet Union and other Eastern European nations. This was in response to the NATOFormed by Soviet Union in response to West Germany joining NATO

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Mao Zedong

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(1893-1976) Leader of the Communist Party in China that overthrew Jiang Jieshi and the Nationalists. Established China as the People's Republic of China and ruled from 1949 until 1976.Communists in China led by _____ won the Chinese revolution

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Peoples Republic of China

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commonly known as China, is the largest country in East Asia Mao Zedong beat Jiang Jiesh and gained control of the country he called it the Peoples Republic of China.a socialist republic ruled by the Communist Party of China under a single-party systemRed China also called _____ established after communist rev.

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Communist victory in Chinese revolution

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Terrible blow to the U.S. policy of containment; the world's most populous country was now communist

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north was communist, south was not

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After WWII, Korea divided

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United Nations

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sent forces to push back communists during the Korean War

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Result of Korean War

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cease-fire (still in existence today) reached in 1953 and the border was restored at the 38th parallel

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Communist parties of eastern Europe

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established one-party states by 1948, with help of the Red Army and the KGB (Soviet secret police)

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Berlin Wall

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A wall separating East and West Berlin built by East Germany in 1961 to keep citizens from escaping to the WestA fortified wall surrounding West Berlin, Germany, built in 1961 to prevent East German citizens from traveling to the West. Its demolition in 1989 symbolized the end of the Cold War. This wall was both a deterrent to individuals trying to escape and a symbol of repression to the free world.East Germany built the ________around West Berlin rather than enforce the ultimatum to U.S. which effectively ended future crises over Berlin

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Fidel Castro

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Cuba became a communist country in 1959 under the leadership of ______ and a staunch ally of the USSR

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Cold War

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A struggle over political differences between nations carried on by methods short of a full-out war. The Cold War is the global power stubble between the US and the Soviet Union that lasted from 1945-1991. It wasn't only a conflict between political ideologies, but it was also a conflict based on economic and social aspects of each side's ideologies.

question

Negative Consequences of the Cold War

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The Cold War may have remained "cold," but it did put the world in danger during this time. The US and the Soviet Union tried to out power each other and show who's superior, which eventually lead to a mass build-up of nuclear weapons that could and almost have been used in this time. From both sides of the conflict, massive waves of propaganda were used by both sides to portray the other as the enemy. To add, citizens living in the Soviet Union and even in the United States lived in fear at this time. Not only from the nuclear threat, but it's also because the governments in these superpowers have been investigating all walks of life of its own citizens to check their loyalty to their country. If a person was suspected of siding with the "enemy," then there would be harsh punishments like being sent to Siberia (in the Soviet Union) or get blacklisted and sent to prison (in the USA). To add, in this 46 year stand-off, there had been smaller but major wars that occurred like the Korean War and Vietnam War that costed hundreds of thousands of lives from both soldiers to unarmed citizens. In addition, the Cold War is one of the minor effects of the recent conflicts in Ukraine and the current tensions between the relations of US and Russia.

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Positive Consequences of the Cold War

answer

Despite this boiling conflict, some positives were brought by the Cold War. During the Cold War, the West developed NATO to combat and contain Soviet aggression and expansion. Now, this organization is still very active and helps struggling countries fight against terrorism. Also, we've already established that the Cold War was mainly the superpowers' attempt to outsmart and out power each other. So, because of this, the Space Race occurred and resulted in NASA, mankind stepping on the moon, and space exploration. Lastly, it may sound surprising, but the build-up of nuclear weapons may have actually kept the Cold War cold since the superpowers' know that a nuclear war would have no winner.

question

Communism

answer

A political ideology in which a government seeks equal distribution of wealth and ends all forms of private property..... in theory. However, in the world and history, there hasn't been a fully successful ....... country. This is because in a ......... society, private establishments are all maintained by the government, and this equals to money, which in a not perfect world, equals to greed. This explains why the leaders of ....... states are all wealthy and powerful, but the people had no sufficient money to even feed themselves. To add, if wealth is distributed equally, then why would would a person do their best effort if they don't get any credit. These mistakes may make us against ........, but ...... has its own benefits and capitalism, the opposite, has its own mistakes and benefits as well. Countries that had these ideals = Soviet Union, People's Republic of China, Cuba

question

Democracy

answer

A form of government in which the supreme power is vested or held by the people and exercised by them directly, like in a direct ...., or indirectly, like in a indirect or parliamentary ..... If its directly, the people are the majority that rules the government that the people elected. There are 3 branches, the judicial, legislative, and executive branch all working in unison to be "of the people, by the people, and for the people."

question

Containment

answer

A policy or process of preventing the expansion of a hostile pose: the US foreign policy followed during the Cold War that sought to prevent the expansion of Soviet communism. This is the reason why NATO is established and why the US fought in wars in Korea and Vietnam because they believed in the Domino Theory that if one nation (mostly in Southeast Asia) fell to communism, then the rest of Asia will follow as well.

question

Domino Theory

answer

The theory US officials believed that if one nation, regarding Southeast Asia, fell to communism, then the rest of Asia will follow. This is one of the main reasons why the US fought in Vietnam and Korea as part of their containment policy. To add, the US meddled with countries like the Philippines to prevent any communism from happening, but this resulted in both positive and negative (dictator ruling the country) consequences for that country.

question

Warsaw Pact

answer

A Soviet military alliance set up in 1955 in response to NATO. This alliance makes up the communist nations of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. The Warsaw Pact officially marked the Iron Curtain. When the Cold War ended in 1991, most of the Warsaw Pact countries, except Russia, joined NATO.

question

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

answer

A military alliance formed in 1949 by the US and 11 other countries that are mainly in Western Europe to combat the growing expansion of Soviet communism and domination. The ..... countries agreed to help defend each other in case of an attack. Currently, this organization is the longest-running, largest, military alliance during peacetime. Right now, this organization is combatting the threat of terrorism worldwide after the attacks in 9/11.

question

United Nations

answer

An international organization located in New York City that was charted in 1945 to resolve conflicts between nations through diplomacy (not necessarily- .. forces fought in the Korean War). Currently, there are 193 nations in this organization. This organization doesn't only help countries resolve their differences but helps developing countries by having organizations link to this like the World Health Organization. Triva- This organization was created after WW2 as an improved version of the League of Nations, which was created after WW1 to prevent another war from happening. This didn't happen due to the Leagues drawbacks.

question

Red Scare

answer

A wave of anti-communist fear that swept the US after WW1 and again after WW2 in the 1950s. During the 1950s, America was so hysterical of communism that they started to blacklist all citizens from all walks of life. If you showed just a little disloyalty to the US back then, you could be blacklisted. This means your opportunities will be limited- i.e.-companies will not hire you because you're blacklisted.

question

House of Un-American Activities (HUAC)

answer

An organization created in the 1930s to combat the Red Scare. It almost fell into extinction during WW2, but at the end, it was revived by Congress, as America undergoes the Second Red Scare. During this time, this organization was lead by J.Parnell Thomas who, like McCarthy, became extreme against communism that he and his organization began to accuse innocent people. The HUAC and its chairman, Thomas, became involve in scandals like the Hollywood 10 and Chambers/Hiss Trial. *Part of the Red Scare*

question

McCarthyism

answer

A method of making vicious accusations without offering proof. This method was named after the Republican Wisconsin Senator Joseph McCarthy. This senator was a person who accused people of being Communist if they showed a little disloyalty to the US government. No one dared speak against him because of his personality. *Part of the Red Scare*

question

Berlin Wall

answer

Constructed in 1961 by the communists to prevent the people from East Germany and East Berlin, the capital of East Germany, to migrate to West Berlin. West Berlin is part of East Berlin that is democratic and ruled by the Western Allies in WW2. This wall was heavily guarded and many attempts were made to escape to the West. Eventually, the wall collapsed both politically and physically in 1989. This wall is a strong symbol of communistic brutality and the Iron Curtain.

question

Iron Curtain

answer

A statement claimed by Winston Churchill to the actions the Soviets did to isolate their land and the Warsaw Pact countries. This statement is basically a metaphor of what the Soviets are doing to isolate themselves to the West-i.e. the Warsaw Pact, and their brutality for the people living inside this ........ Basically the ...... was an unclear economic and political border between the Warsaw Pact and most of the NATO countries.

question

38th Parallel

answer

A line of latitude that separates communist North Korea from South Korea after WW2. Before Japan surrendered, Korea has been its colony since 1910. After Japan surrendered, Korea was removed from Japanese control and were split between Soviet control, who established a puppet government (communist) under Kim-Il-Sung (grandfather of the Kim-Jung-Un, the current dictator of NK), and American control, who established an independent, democratic, and capitalist nation. That separation was called the .... After the Korean War, the borders almost remained near this line. The border of SK and NK has a gap called the Demilitarized Zone or DMZ, and this area is one of the most heavily defended border in the world.

question

Harry Truman

answer

On April 12th, 1945 immediately after Franklin Roosevelt's death, _______ ______ became president of the United States

question

atomic bomb

answer

With Roosevelt not allowing Truman in his meetings Truman was unaware of the plan to develop the ________ ________

question

United Nations, Nato

answer

although only having a high school diploma, his was able to lead the United States into the _____ _____ and _______ to promote peace ✌ throughout the world mets in New York

question

a) general assembly- includes the delegates from all member nations b) the security council- elected by the general assembly that has power to veto c) the secretariat- which is the center of the administration

answer

The United Nations is made up of three agencies:

question

veto

answer

The United Nations has not been very successful since any member of the security council can _______ anything that has been pass

question

tension and intense competition

answer

Russia and the United States entered into a cold war, a period of ________ and _____ ____ which occasionally acted up into conflict

question

puppet governments

answer

Between 1945 and 1948 Russia had set up _________ ____ in Eastern Europe

question

iron curtain

answer

The Russians had set up an "_______ _______ " a separation of communists countries and free democratic countries

question

Nato, US and Western European, communist

answer

______ was formed by Canada, The United States and ten ________ ______ nations who agreed to come to the aid if any were attacked by a ________ nation

question

Warsaw pact, communist

answer

The ______ ______ formed in 1955 made up of ______ countries agreed to defend each other

question

communist east Berlin, democratic West Berlin

answer

after WW2 Berlin was divided into ______ _____ _____ and ________ _____ ______

question

General Chiang Kai-Shek and Mao-tse-tung

answer

In china civil war broke out between _____ _______ ____ and communist leader _______- ________ - _____

question

Chiang Kai-Shek, mainland China

answer

The United States back _______ ____ _____ but the communist finally took control of _______ _____

question

Taiwan, Democratic

answer

Chiang Kai-Shek finally settled in ______ and formed a __________ government

question

Korea

answer

The greatest cold war conflict came in ________ in Asia

question

communist North Korea and Non communist South Korea

answer

After WW2 Korea was divided between ______ ____ _____ and ______ ____ _____ ____ (at the 38 parallel)

question

Douglas MacCarthur, United Nations Forces

answer

_____ _______, American hero of the Pacific War during WW2, was in command of the _____ _______ _______

question

South Korea, China

answer

North Korea invaded ______ _____ successfully but where thrown back by MacCarthur until communist _____ entered the conflict

question

Truman, stale mate

answer

Fearing war with China President _______ was content to settle for a ______ _____

question

33 thousand

answer

_____ _____ American Troops were killed or injured and the boundary at the 38th parallel remained unchanged

question

1959

answer

in ______ another conflict came into existence

question

Fidel Castro

answer

______ ____ overthrew general Batista and set up a communist dictartorship in Cuba

question

CIA and Cubans, Castro

answer

President Kennedy using the ________ and ________ who had fled from Cuba planned to attack and overthrow ________

question

Bay of Pigs

answer

The ______ ____ _____ as it became known was a total disaster

question

missiles with nuclear warheads

answer

In 1962 Russia placed _______ with ______ _____ in Cuba

question

Cuban Missile Crisis

answer

Called the _______ ____ ____ Kennedy ordered the Russians to remove the missile

question

blockade

answer

Kennedy also ordered a _________ not allowing anything in or out of Cuba

question

Khrushchev

answer

_______ dictator of Russia removed all the missile from Cuba

question

new deal, government

answer

Roosevelt's domestic program was called the _____ _____ , which was spending large sums of money from the ________ to give people jobs

question

conservatives

answer

The ________ did not agree with this policy

question

Republicans,Taft- Hartley

answer

______ later take control of congress and passed the ______-______ Act which was against unions

question

Right to work laws

answer

Some States pass ____ ____ _____ ______ allowing workers to work without joining a union

question

Red Scare

answer

After WW2 there was a period of time called ______ ______, the fear of communism in the United States

question

American Government

answer

Many people blamed workers in the _______ ______ for allowing communism to spread

question

American documents

answer

an Ex-American Congressman was accused of passing secret ______ ______ to Russia

question

statute of limitations, perjury

answer

He could not be tried because the _____ ____ _____ has expired but was sent to prison for lying under oath which is _______

question

Julius and Ethel Rosenburg

answer

Also in 1953 _______ and _____ ______ was executed for passing Atomic Secret Information to the Russians during WW2

question

McCarran Internal Security act

answer

Fearful of other security problems, the United States passed the ______ _____ ______ _____which made it easier for the government to combat espionage

question

William F. Buckley

answer

A staunch conservative _____ __. _____, wrote a best selling book when he graduated from Yale

question

God And Men at Yale, libel, political, and philosophy

answer

the book, ____ ___ ___ ___ ___, was a critique of the universality's _______, _________, _________

question

national review

answer

in 1955 Buckley founded the _____ _____, a magazine the promoted conservatives view points in America

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