CH 24 Jarvis Musculoskeletal system – Flashcards
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List four signs that suggest acute inflammation in a joint.
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Swelling, heat, redness, and pain.
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Dislocation
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Displacement of a body part, especially the temporary displacement of a bone from its normal position.
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Subluxation
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Incomplete or partial dislocation of a bone in a joint.
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Contracture
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abnormal shortening of muscle tissue, rendering the muscle highly resistant to passive stretching.
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Ankylosis
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wrist in extreme flexion, as a result of severe rheumatoid arthritis
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Describe the correct method for use of the goniometer
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extend joint to neutral or 0 degrees; center 0 point on goniometer on the joint; keep fixed arm of the goniometer on the 0 line and use the movable arm to measure; flex the joint and measure through the goniometer to determine the angle of greatest flexion.
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Differentiate testing of active range of motion versus passive range of motion
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Active ROM is done when a person can do the exercises by himself; Passive ROM exercises are done for a person by a helper. The helper does the ROM exercises because the person cannot do them by himself.
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State the expected range of degrees of flexion and extension of the following joints:
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• Elbow - flexion of 150° - 160°, extension at 0°
• Wrist - flexion 90°, extension 70°
• Fingers (at metacarpophalangeal joints) - flexion at 90°, hyperextension at 30°
• Hip - flexion at 90°, 120°
• Knee - flexion at 130° - 150°, extension at 0°
• Ankle - plantar 45, dorsi 20
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Explain the method of measuring leg length
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To determine if one leg is shorter than the other; Normally these measurements are equal or within 1 cm, indicating no true bone discrepancy. True leg lengths are equal, but apparent leg lengths unequal - this condition occurs with pelvic obliquity or adduction or flexion deformity in the hip
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Describe the Ortolani manoeuvre for checking an infants hips.
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Normal - no clunk
Abnormal - clunk as femur pops back in place ??
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State four landmarks to note when checking an adolescent for scoliosis.
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unequal shoulder elevation, unequal scapulae, obvious curvature, and unequal hip level
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When performing a functional assessment for an older adult, state the common adaptations of the aging person makes when attempting these manoeuvers:
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• Walking: shuffling patter and swaying
• Climbing up stairs: person holds on to handrail
• Walking down stairs: person holds on to handrail with both hands
• Picking up object from floor: often bends at waist instead of knees
• Rising up from sitting in chair: uses arms to push off chair arms
• Rising up from lying in bed: may roll to one side, push arm to lift up torso
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Describe the symptoms and signs in carpal tunnel syndrome
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pain, burning, numbness
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Name and describe two techniques of examination for the syndrome
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Phalen's test - ask the patient to hold both hands back to back while flexing the wrists 90 degrees
Tinel's sign - direct percussion of the location of the median nerve at the wrist
