Ch. 16 The Cold War – Flashcards
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After the Truman Doctrine was put forward, what were the first two countries to receive U.S. assistance to deter a communist takeover?
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Greece and Turkey
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What is meant by the term, "satellite state"?
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a weak country under the influence of a strong country
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What did Stalin do at the meeting in Potsdam that alarmed President Truman?
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he refused to promise to allow free elections in Eastern Europe
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Why was West Berlin described as a "bone in the throat" of the Soviet Union?
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West Berlin was an outpost of Western European and American influence deep in Soviet-controlled territory.
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The military alliance formed to counterbalance NATO was called
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the Warsaw Pact.
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in the Chinese Civil War, the Soviet Union supported the
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Communists, led by Mao Zedong.
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How did lessons learned from World War II influence President Truman's decision to send troops to aid South Korea after North Korea invaded?
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He knew appeasement, or giving in to an aggressor, was not the solution.
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how did General MacArthur misjudge the Chinese during the Korean War?
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He did not believe their warnings that they would enter the war.
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What precedent did President Truman set when he sent troops to Korea?
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The President could send U.S. troops overseas without a congressional declaration of war.
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The military alliance SEATO included
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Pakistan, Australia, and France.
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What event in 1957 marked the beginning cold war in space?
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The Soviet Union launched the satellite Sputnik I.
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What is the meaning of the term arms race?
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a never-ending effort to acquire more and more weapons
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In 1956, uprisings behind the iron curtain occurred in
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Poland and Hungary.
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Why was a build up of weapons big enough for mutually assured destruction seen as a way to preserve peace?
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the knowledge that both sides would certainly be destroyed in any all-out war would prevent either side from starting hostilities.
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Britain and France worried when Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal because
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Egypt could now control the supply of oil to Europe.
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What did President Truman introduce in 1947 to try to screen out disloyal employees from federal agencies?
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Federal Employee Loyalty Program
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Which future President was involved in the investigation into Alger Hiss?
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Richard Nixon
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What gains for communism around the world created the fear that set the stage for the excesses of McCarthyism?
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communism in China, Soviet nuclear bombs, and the discovery of Soviet agents in the United States
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The Red Scare of the late 1940s and 1950s was the fear that
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communists in important positions in American society were working for the enem
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What was the last straw for McCarthy in the eyes of the American public?
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televised hearings that put his bullying tactics on display for the entire country
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What is meant by the term limited war?
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a war to achieve specific goals
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What types of people were investigated by HUAC?
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people from all walks of life throughout American society
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In the Korean War, China
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Joined the fight when U.S. and UN troops advanced too far north.
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What happened to the Hollywood Ten after they refused to testify?
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They were tried, convicted, and sent to prison.
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The Smith Act of 1940
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was used to cripple the Communist Party in the United States.
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Why was the United States so alarmed by Mao's victory in the Chinese civil war?
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A communist China could be a threat to the United States.
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A fundamental cause of the Cold War was
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Western fears of Soviet expansion.
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The countries directly involved in the Suez Crisis were
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Egypt, Israel, France, and Britain.
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George Kennan was
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an American diplomat who put forward the idea of containment.
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After World War II, what did Stalin want in Europe?
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a weak and divided Germany; Eastern Europe under Soviet control
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Mutually assured destruction means
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both sides are guaranteed to be destroyed in any all-out war.
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The idea of the Marshall Plan was to
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help European countries get back on their feet economically and also gain influence.
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What was the source of the disagreement between Truman and MacArthur?
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Truman wanted a limited war, while MacArthur wanted total victory.
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NATO was founded to
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counter Soviet expansion and protect Western European countries.
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At the end of the Korean War, North and South Korea were divided
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at approximately the 38th parallel.
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Ethel and Julius Rosenberg's execution was
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controversial at the time and debated for many years afterward.
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Who was Alger Hiss?
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a government employee accused of spying for the Soviet Union
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When the Soviet Union crushed the rebellion in Hungary in 1956, the United States
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did not do anything to help the Hungarians.
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The Eisenhower Doctrine was used in 1958 to
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ustify sending troops to Lebanon.
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American were unsettled by the Soviet launch of Sputnik I in part because
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they worried the Soviets could now use rockets to send bombs to American cities.
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What was the Cold War?
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An economical, political, struggle between the United States and the USSR following WWII
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"Old soldiers never die, they just fade away. So like the old soldier in the poem, I'll just fade away."
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Old soldiers never die
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"Wrong war a the wrong place, at the wrong time, and with the wrong enemy"
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Chairman Joint Chiefs
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Massive Retaliation is
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a military doctrine and nuclear strategy in which a state commits itself to retaliate in much greater force in the event of an attack.
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Brinkmanship is
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believing that only going by the brink of war could the United States protect its allies, discourage the communist aggression, and prevent war.
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Duck and Cover
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Americans prepared for the possibility that the Soviet Union might launch nuclear weapons against american cities.
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McCarthyism
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Term that became a catchword for extreme, reckless charges coined my Joseph McCarthy.
