Question 1

According to Skinner, scientists seldom fabricate data mostly because

Accepted Answer

correct data will be discovered and embarrass the fabricator.

Question 2

What Freud saw as unconsciously motivated defense mechanisms, Skinner viewed as

Accepted Answer

behaviors shaped by environmental contingencies.

Question 3

Thorndike\'s original law of effect stated that

Accepted Answer

Both of these are correct.

Question 4

A response to a similar environment in the absence of previous reinforcement was Skinner\'s definition of

Accepted Answer

stimulus generalization.

Question 5

Skinner\'s scientific behaviorism assumes that

Accepted Answer

human behavior is subject to the laws of science.

Question 6

Skinner would view warfare as an example o

Accepted Answer

maladaptive remnant of cultural evolution.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a principal characteristic of science, according to Skinner?

Accepted Answer

Science explains behavior.

Question 8

Skinner viewed the unhealthy personality as

Accepted Answer

a means of coping with excessive social control.

Question 9

Negative and positive reinforcement are alike in that they

Accepted Answer

strengthen the behavior they follow.

Question 10

As a young man, Skinner wanted to become a

Accepted Answer

writer.

Question 11

For Skinner, an important distinction between classical conditioning and operant conditioning is that in classical conditioning behavior is _______, whereas in operant conditioning behavior is ________.

Accepted Answer

elicited; demitted

Question 12

Operant conditioning is distinguished from classical conditioning primarily in that operant conditioning involves

Accepted Answer

immediate reinforcement of a response.

Question 13

Skinner believed that passive resistance is most likely to be used

Accepted Answer

after escape and revolt have failed.

Question 14

Skinner\'s principal contribution to psychotherapy was as

Accepted Answer

a writer whose ideas have influenced the behavior therapy movement.

Question 15

On the subject of dreams, Skinner believed that

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many dreams serve a wish-fulfillment purpose.

Question 16

With reference to inner states such as thoughts and drives, Skinner said that they

Accepted Answer

exist, but should not be used to explain behavior.

Question 17

Skinner believed that the most useful data for predicting and controlling behavior are

Accepted Answer

people\'s personal histories.

Question 18

Skinner defines negative reinforcement as any condition that,

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when removed from a situation, increase the probability that a given behavior will occur.

Question 19

In his philosophy of science, Skinner

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wanted to know how behavior can be described, predicted, and controlled.

Question 20

Negative reinforcement and punishment are similar in that they both

Accepted Answer

involve aversive stimuli.

Question 21

During World War II, Skinner

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trained pigeons to pilot missiles into enemy targets.

Question 22

Skinner believed that the most critical aspect of science is

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an attitude valuing empirical observation.

Question 23

Fixed-ratio, variable-ratio, fixed-interval, and variable-interval are examples of

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intermittent schedules.

Question 24

Skinner believed that the effects of punishment are

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less predictable than those of reward.

Question 25

Skinner believed that people

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can design a society that will produce psychologically healthy personalities.

Question 26

Skinner\'s laboratory research at Harvard consisted exclusively of experiments

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with only non-human animals.

Question 27

Which of these schedules would cost the experimenter the most reinforcers for the least number of responses?

Accepted Answer

continuous

Question 28

When operant conditioning is used to shape complex behavior such as playing a piano, reinforcement is applied

Accepted Answer

through successive approximations.

Question 29

Payment by salary or wage most closely approximates which schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

fixed-interval

Question 30

Payment by piece rate (for example, paying a bricklayer a set amount for each brick laid) most closely approximates which schedule of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

fixed -ratio

Question 31

The three conditions essential to operant conditioning are

Accepted Answer

the antecedent, the behavior, and the consequence.

Question 32

Unlike punishment, reinforcement

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gives information as to desired behavior.

Question 33

For Skinner, natural selection

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is probably responsible for some human behavior.

Question 34

Which of these did Skinner NOT list as an effect of punishment?

Accepted Answer

shaping of the targeted behavior

Question 35

According to Skinner, a clear example of a conditioned reinforcer would be

Accepted Answer

money.

Question 36

Behavior reinforced on an intermittent schedule is

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resistant to extinction.

Question 37

To Skinner, human personality is shaped by

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both of these.

Question 38

Concerning drives, Skinner said that they

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are responses to deprivation or satiation.

Question 39

To stop her 2-year-old daughter from crying, Sandy consistently gives the child a piece of candy whenever she cries. Such behavior i

Accepted Answer

both of these.

Question 40

According to Skinner, the rate of operant extinction depends largely upon the

Accepted Answer

schedule of reinforcement

Question 41

John Watson argued that

Accepted Answer

the goal for psychology should be the prediction and control of behavior.

Question 42

What is Skinner\'s basic view of human freedom?

Accepted Answer

The idea of freedom is positively reinforcing for many people.

Question 43

For Skinner, inappropriate behavior is shaped by

Accepted Answer

all of these.

Question 44

Which of these would NOT be considered by Skinner to be a generalized reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

food

Question 45

The label that best fits Skinner\'s work is

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radical behaviorsm.

Question 46

Skinner saw the psychotherapist as a

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controlling agent.

Question 47

People who make rewards or punishments contingent on the behavior of another are using which of Skinner\'s methods of social control?

Accepted Answer

operant conditioning

Question 48

Skinner\'s technique of \"doing something else\" is used

Accepted Answer

soley with self-control.

Question 49

What was Skinner\'s position on such internal mental states as thinking and feeling?

Accepted Answer

they exist, but scientists should not attribute behavior to them.

Question 50

When she was in the 7th grade, Dawn made 10 written book reports. Now, she can no longer recall the title of eight of those books. Skinner would say this loss is most likely due to

Accepted Answer

forgetting

Question 51

Skinner\'s midlife crisis and emotional catharsis ended with

Accepted Answer

his writing of Walden Two.

Question 52

The systematic withholding of reinforcement previously contingent upon a response until the probability of the response diminishes to zero is Skinner\'s definition of

Accepted Answer

extinction.

Question 53

Concerning reinforcement, Skinner would most likely say that

Accepted Answer

money has value because it is reinforcing.

Question 54

According to Skinner, human behavior is shaped by

Accepted Answer

the contingencies of survival.

Question 55

Skinner would view warfare as an example of

Accepted Answer

a maladaptive of cultural evolution evolution.

Question 56

Skinner believed that passive resistance is most likely to be use

Accepted Answer

after escape and revolt have failed.

Question 57

To stop her 2-year-old daughter from crying, Sandy consistently gives the child a piece of candy whenever she cries. Such behavior is

Accepted Answer

both of these

Question 58

Skinner accepted the concept of unconscious

Accepted Answer

behavior.

Question 59

Skinner believed that some behavior is unconscious because the person does not think about the aversive stimuli connected with it. Not thinking about aversive stimuli is an example of

Accepted Answer

negative reinforcement

Question 60

Which of these, according to Skinner, would be a means of self-control?

Accepted Answer

All of these.

Question 61

Skinner believed that human behavior is shaped by all these factors EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

the individual\'s personal drive state

Question 62

Research with Skinner\'s behavior management techniques has generally shown that

Accepted Answer

differences in temperament affect the ways that people respond to behavior management techniques.

Question 63

Skinner called any stimulus within the environment that strengthens behavior

Accepted Answer

reinforcer.

Question 64

Concerning emotions, Skinner believed all EXCEPT which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A majority of human behaviors are the result of emotions.

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