CH 16 – Chemistry – Flashcards
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| self ionization of water |
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| two water molecules produce a hydronium ion and a hydroxide ion by transfer of a proton |
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| Molarity |
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| 1.0 x 10^-7 M = mol solute/Liter solute |
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| kw constant |
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| [h3o+][OH-] [1.0x10^-7][1.0x10^-7] 1x10^-14 M^2 |
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| neutral |
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| any solution inb which hydronium and hydroxide ion concentrations are the same is ___________ |
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| acidic |
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| solutions in which the hydronium ion concentraion is greater that the hydroxide concentration |
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| basic |
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| solutions in which the hydroxide ion concentration is greater that the hydronium ion concentration is ______ |
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| acidic |
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| if the hydronium concentration is increased to over 1x10^-7, then the solution is _________ |
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| basic |
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| if the hydronium concentration is less than 1x10^-7, then the solution is _________ |
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| pH |
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| -log[h3o] |
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| pOH |
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| -log[OH] |
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| if yu kno the pH and yu want the separate hydronium and hydroxide concentration, use antilog. |
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| formula= antilog(-pH) |
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| acid-base indicators |
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| compounds whose colors are sensitive to pH |
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| write general equilibrium expression of an indicator |
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| HIn --> H+ + In- |
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| HIn |
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| in acidic solutoins, the indicator is present in largely non-ionized form, or _____ |
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| In- |
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| in basic solutions, the indicator is present largely in the form of its anion, or _______ |
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| transition interval |
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| the pH range over which an indicator changes color is called its _____- |
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| mixing several different indicators |
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| universal indicators are made by _______________ |
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| voltage between the two electrode that are placed in the solution |
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| a pH meter determines the pH of a solution by measuring ____________ |
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| strong acid/strong base |
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| pH range= 4.4-7.6 |
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| strong acid/weak base |
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| pH range= 3.0-4.6 |
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| weak acid/ strong base |
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| pH range= 6.4-10.0 |
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| titration |
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| adding a known amount of a substance to an unknown amout of another substance to calculate the unknown amount |
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| very rapid change in titrations |
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| it is a very rapid change that occurs when H+ and OH- ions are changing |
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| describe the rate of change in a titration |
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| speed of pH is slow at first. it gets faster, then speeds rapidly, and evens back out after the end point |
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| titrations provide a sensitive means of determining the chemical equivalent volumes of acidic and basic solutions |
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| equivalence point |
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| the _______ is the pont at which the two solutions used in a titration are present in chemically equivalent amount |
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| pH meter |
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| a _________ will show a lare voltage charge occuring ath the equivallence point |
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| 7 |
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| when a strong acid is titrated with a strong base, the equivalence point occurs at about _____- |
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| 7 |
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| when a strong acid is titrated with a strong base, the equivalence point occurs at about _____- |
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| less than 7 |
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| when a strong acid is titrated with a weak base, the equivalence point has a pH ____________ |
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| more than 7 |
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| when a strong base is titrated with a weak acid, the equivalence point occurs at a pH of about __________ |
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| standrd solution |
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| the solution that contains the precisely known concentration of a solute |
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| primary standard |
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| a highly purified solid compound used to check the concentration of the known solution in a titration |
