ch 15 – Flashcards
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Congress broadened the? Fed's responsibility since
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the 1930s as a result of the Great Depression.
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The Fed is said to have? a" dual? mandate" because
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maintaining price stability and high employment are the two most important goals of the Fed that are explicitly mentioned in the Employment Act of 1946.
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Investment banks can be subject to liquidity problems because
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they often borrow short? term, sometimes as short as? overnight, and invest the funds in? longer-term investments.
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Why is price stability one of the? Fed's monetary policy ?goals?
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All of the Above.
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This is true because
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stable prices make it easier to plan for the? future, so expectations can be? stable, which makes it less costly to make loans.
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In what ways would a goal of stabilizing asset prices be different from the four goals listed in this? chapter?
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Asset prices deal with a specific type of wealth that carries risk associated with individual firms.
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Stabilizing asset prices should not be added to the list of the? Fed's policy goals because they are more specific and deal mainly with individuals and firms. Each of these carry risk associated with them and the Fed should not be in the business of trying to make profit for individuals.
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true
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Which of the following is not one of the monetary policy goals of the Federal Reserve? ("the Fed")?
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a high foreign exchange rate of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies
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Which of the following is not a viable monetary policy target for the? Fed?
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The money demand.
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when the federal reserve increase the discount rate as a part of a contracionary monetary policy, there is:
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A decrease in the money supply and an increase in the interest rate.
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In the? quote, when the official says? "the money stays in? banks," he is referring to __________ in the reserves in banks.
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increase
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But the real problem was that banks were not ______ the reserves.
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THE RESERVES
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The reason for this may have been a lack of
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borrowers
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The purchases Fed Chairman Bernanke is referring to are
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open market purchases of government securities.
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A? "premature tightening" of the? "pace of? purchases" would slow down the economic recovery because this action would be
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?contractionary, reducing lending and economic activity.
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Which of the following statements is true about the? Fed's monetary policy? targets?
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The Fed is forced to choose between the interest rate and the money supply as its monetary policy target.
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The federal funds rate
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is the rate that banks charge each other for short term loans of excess reserves
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(What policy will increase the price level and increase actual real? GDP?
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Open market purchase of government securities
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Quantitative easing involved the? Fed's
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buying longer term Treasury securities that are not usually involved in open market operations
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?"Operation Twist" refers to
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the? Fed's program to purchase? $400 billion in? long-term Treasury securities while selling an equal amount of? shorter-term Treasury securities.
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The Taylor rule for federal funds rate targeting does which of the? following?
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It links the? Fed's target for the federal funds rate to economic variables.
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According to the Taylor? Rule, if the Fed reduces its target for the inflation? rate, the result will be
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a higher target federal funds rate.
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which of the following was the feds objective in using quantitative easing and operation twist
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All of the above.
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What do economists mean by the demand for? money?
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It is the amount of money-currency and checking account deposits --that individuals hold.
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What is the advantage of holding? money?
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Money can be used to buy? goods, services, or financial assets.
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What is the disadvantage of holding? money?
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?Money, in the form of currency or checking account? deposits, earns either no interest or a very low rate of interest.
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One of the goals of the Federal Reserve is price stability. For the Fed to achieve this? goal,
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the rate of inflation should be? low, such as? 1% to? 3%, and should be fairly consistent.
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The primary reason for this change in the sources of mortgage finance was? _____; the consequence of this change was also? _____ in mortgage rate
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the development of a secondary mortgage? market; a decrease
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If the Fed would no longer have a specific target for the money? supply, it would be targeting the
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fed funds rate
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The Fed gave up targeting the money supply because
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the relationship between monetary aggregates and other economic variables was becoming unreliable
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which of these variables are the main monetary policy targets of the fed
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the money supply and the interest rate
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In the graph of the money market shown on the? right, what could cause the money supply curve to shift from MS1 to MS2??
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The Fed decreases the money supply by deciding to sell U.S. Treasury securities.
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In the graph of the money market shown on the? right, what could cause the money demand curve to shift from MD1 to MD2??
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Both? (a) and? (c).
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When interest rates on Treasury bills and other financial assets are? low, the opportunity cost of holding money is? _________, so the quantity of money demanded will be? _________.
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low
high
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All of the following are arguments against an explicit inflation targeting rule for monetary policy except?:
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An explicit target is easier to understand by households and firms which makes monetary policy more transparent.
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If the Fed is too slow to react to a recession and applies an expansionary monetary policy only after the economy begins to? recover, then
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inflation will be higher than if the Fed had not acted.
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A countercyclical policy is one that
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is used to attempt to stabilize the economy
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the fed changes the discount rate as a part of its policy to reach all of the following objectives except
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high unemplyment
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The? Fed's strategy of increasing the money supply and lowering interest rates in order to increase real GDP is called
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expansionary monetary policy.
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Why would the Fed intentionally use contractionary monetary policy to reduce real? GDP?
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the fed intends to reduce inflation, which occurs if realGDP is greater than potential
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Consider the figure to the right. Can the Fed achieve a? $900 billion money supply? (MS) AND a? 5% interest rate? (point C)?
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No. The Fed cannot target both the money supply and the interest rate simultaneously.
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If the Federal Open Market Committee? (FOMC) decides to increase the money? supply, it orders the trading desk at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York to
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buy U.S. Treasury securities.
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If the FOMC orders the trading desk to sell Treasury? securities,
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the money supply curve will shift to the? left, and the equilibrium interest rate will rise.
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Which of these variables are the main monetary policy targets of the? Fed?
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the money supply and the interest rate
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the fed buys and sells bonds a part of its policy to reach all of the following objective except:
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High unemployment.
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When the Fed conducts an open market? purchase, the Fed____ and the money supply ______
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buy securities from banks
increases
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When the Fed conducts an open market? purchase, the interest rate should
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decreases
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Which of the following is not an issue with using active monetary policy to reduce business? cycles?
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Real GDP and employment changes from monetary policy actions can move in a countercyclical manner.
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When he said? "to remove the? punchbowl," he meant to engage in_______
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contractionary policy
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In terms of the? economy, "just as the party gets? going" refers to a situation in which real GDP _____ potential? GDP, which will result in ______ the inflation rate
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greater than
an increase in
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The interest rate that banks charge each other for overnight loans is called the
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federal funds rate.
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As interest rates? decline, stocks become a? ________ attractive investment relative to? bonds, which causes the demand for stocks and their prices to? _________
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more
rise
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The government would want the economy to contract when real GDP is
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above potential GDP and the price level is rising.
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What is the relationship between the federal funds rate falling and the money supply increasing?
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To decrease the federal funds rate, the Fed must increase the money supply.
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How does lowering the target for the federal funds rate "pour money" into the banking system?
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To increase the money supply, the fed buys bonds on the open market, which increases the bank reserves
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When the federal reserve sells bonds as a part of a contractionary monetary policy , there is?
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a decrease in the money supply and an increase in the interest rate.
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The federal fund rate is
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the interest rate that banks charge each other for overnight loans
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Additionally the federal funds rate is
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very important for the feds monetary policy because the fed uses the federal funds rate as a monetary policy
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This statement is true because the Chairman of the fed
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has the ability to influence interest rates for the worlds top reserve currency