Ch 14 PSYC – Flashcards
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1. All forms of psychotherapy share the assumption that _____ play(s) a significant role in problematic emotions, behaviors, and thoughts. A) genetic vulnerability to mental disorders B) abnormal brain chemistry C) psychological factors D) repressed sexual urges and wishes
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C) psychological factors
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2. The different forms of biomedical therapy are based on the assumption that _____ play a significant role in causing the symptoms of psychological disorders. A) dysfunctional family relationships B) biological factors C) repressed sexual urges and wishes D) psychological factors
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B) biological factors
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3. Typically, a clinical psychologist holds a(n): A) medical degree and may prescribe medications, electroconvulsive therapy, and other medical procedures in treating mental and emotional disorders. B) master's degree and has had extensive supervised experience in couple or family therapy. C) master's degree in social work and has had an internship in a social service agency or mental health center. D) academic doctorate and has had extensive training in psychological testing and evaluation, psychotherapy, and the prevention of mental and emotional disorders.
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D) academic doctorate and has had extensive training in psychological testing and evaluation, psychotherapy, and the prevention of mental and emotional disorders.
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4. Typically, a psychiatrist holds a(n): A) master's degree and has had extensive supervised experience in couple or family therapy. B) master's degree in social work and has had an internship in a social service agency or mental health center. C) medical degree and may prescribe medications, electroconvulsive therapy, and other medical procedures in treating mental and emotional disorders. D) academic doctorate and has had extensive training in psychological testing, psychotherapy, and prevention of mental and emotional disorders.
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C) medical degree and may prescribe medications, electroconvulsive therapy, and other medical procedures in treating mental and emotional disorders.
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5. Which of the following mental health professionals holds a master's degree in social work and has had an internship at a social service agency or mental health center? A) psychiatric nurse B) psychoanalyst C) psychiatric social worker D) psychiatrist
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C) psychiatric social worker
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6. A _____ is usually a clinical psychologist or psychiatrist who has received additional training in using the specific techniques of the form of psychotherapy originated by Sigmund Freud. A) psychiatric nurse B) psychoanalyst C) psychiatric social worker D) marriage and family therapist
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psychoanalyst
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7. According to the psychoanalytic approach, what helps the patient develop more adaptive emotions and patterns of behavior? A) when the patient learns to actively dispute his or her own irrational thoughts and beliefs B) when the patient experiences a strong sense of unconditional positive regard from the therapist C) when the patient achieves insight and resolves the unconscious conflicts that were maintaining maladaptive emotions and behavior D) when the patient successfully completes systematic desensitization
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C) when the patient achieves insight and resolves the unconscious conflicts that were maintaining maladaptive emotions and behavior
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8. _____ is a short-term dynamic therapy that focuses on current relationships and social interactions, and is based on the assumption that psychological symptoms are caused and maintained by interpersonal problems. A) Psychoanalysis B) Rational emotive therapy (RET) C) Interpersonal therapy (IPT) D) Cognitive-behavioral therapy
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C) Interpersonal therapy (IPT)
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9. The humanistic perspective in psychology emphasizes: A) an individual's conscious, subjective perception of his or her self. B) unconscious motives and conflicts. C) the use of reinforcement and punishment in shaping behavior. D) the use of aversive conditioning.
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A) an individual's conscious, subjective perception of his or her self.
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10. In client-centered therapy, the therapist usually strives to be: A) confrontational, forceful, and blunt. B) nondirective, genuine, and accepting. C) neutral and aloof. D) very directive and demanding.
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B) nondirective, genuine, and accepting.
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11. According to Carl Rogers, psychological problems develop when: A) unconscious conflicts are not recognized. B) a person consistently experiences conditional acceptance from other significant people in his or her life. C) a person is exposed to excessive unconditional positive regard. D) a person's parents unconsciously reinforce unhealthy behaviors rather than healthy behaviors.
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B) a person consistently experiences conditional acceptance from other significant people in his or her life.
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12. In the 1920s, the famous case of Little Albert demonstrated that: A) children develop fears and phobias because of intense anxiety over being abandoned by their parents, especially their mothers. B) chronic bed-wetting can be reduced and eliminated if the young child experiences conditional acceptance. C) unhealthy emotional responses, such as irrational fears, can be the result of classical conditioning. D) ECT can be used to treat depression in children as young as 7 or 8 years old.
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C) unhealthy emotional responses, such as irrational fears, can be the result of classical conditioning.
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13. The basic assumption of behavior therapy is that: A) faulty patterns of thinking are producing the current difficulties. B) adaptive and maladaptive behaviors are learned. C) every family has unspoken rules of interaction and communication that have contributed to the current difficulties. D) the therapist must be nondirective and provide the client with unconditional positive regard and empathic understanding.
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B) adaptive and maladaptive behaviors are learned.
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14. Which techniques did Mary Cover Jones use in her successful treatment of a 3-year-old boy named Peter who had a phobia of rabbits? A) dream interpretation, free association, and transference B) observational learning and counterconditioning C) positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, and shaping D) virtual reality and the bell and pad treatment
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B) observational learning and counterconditioning
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15. Mary Cover Jones is regarded by many psychologists as the: A) first female psychoanalyst who was trained by Sigmund Freud. B) first psychologist to develop and use family therapy. C) founder of Alcoholics Anonymous and the self-help movement. D) first behavior therapist.
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D) first behavior therapist.
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16. Systematic desensitization is based on the same premise as: A) aversive conditioning. B) unconditional positive regard. C) transference. D) counterconditioning.
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D) counterconditioning.
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17. Controlled studies have shown that virtual reality treatment of phobias: A) is promising, but still not accepted as a proven treatment for phobias. B) is less effective than graduated exposure to the actual feared object or situation. C) is an effective treatment for many common phobias. D) is effective only when combined with psychoanalytic treatment.
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C) is an effective treatment for many common phobias.
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18. Psychologists are using virtual reality technology: A) as a different form of aversive conditioning in the treatment of alcohol and cigarette addiction. B) as a positive reinforcer in the treatment of disobedient children. C) to create a computerized therapy program that talks and responds like a real clinical psychologist. D) to create computer-generated images that can be used in systematic desensitization therapy.
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D) to create computer-generated images that can be used in systematic desensitization therapy.
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19. The use of aversive conditioning as a therapeutic technique: A) has dramatically increased in the last decade because of its effectiveness. B) has proven effective in the treatment of phobias, depression, and bed wetting. C) is no longer legal in this country but is still widely used in other countries. D) has declined in recent years because it is not very effective in producing desired changes.
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D) has declined in recent years because it is not very effective in producing desired changes.
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20. The bell and pad treatment involves: A) an electrified pad that produces a mild shock and a loud bell that sounds whenever the person smokes a cigarette. B) the person writing down his or her immediate thoughts on a pad whenever a bell sounds. C) a special insulated pad placed under the bottom bed sheet that detects moisture and triggers a ringing bell if the child starts to wet the bed. D) wearing a motion-sensitive helmet and standing on a special pad that triggers a bell whenever heart rate and breathing rate decrease.
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C) a special insulated pad placed under the bottom bed sheet that detects moisture and triggers a ringing bell if the child starts to wet the bed.
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21. A token economy is: A) a form of couple therapy in which each partner regularly gives the other partner some small gift that represents a token of his or her affection and commitment to the relationship. B) the most common type of self-help group. C) the same thing as Naikan therapy in Japan. D) a system for strengthening desirable behaviors in a group of people in the same setting, such as a correctional institution or psychiatric ward.
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D) a system for strengthening desirable behaviors in a group of people in the same setting, such as a correctional institution or psychiatric ward.
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22. A version of the token economy that is modified so it can be used in outpatient treatment programs is called: A) a contingency management intervention. B) a token reinforcer program. C) the Community Reinforcement Protocol (abbreviated CRP). D) the variable ratio treatment protocol.
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A) a contingency management intervention.
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23. Cognitive psychotherapy is based upon the assumption that psychological problems are essentially caused by: A) faulty or maladaptive learning. B) unconscious conflicts. C) faulty or maladaptive thinking. D) conditional positive regard.
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C) faulty or maladaptive thinking.
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24. Two of the most influential forms of cognitive psychotherapy are: A) client-centered therapy and short-term dynamic therapy. B) rational-emotive therapy (RET) and cognitive therapy (CT). C) counterconditioning and psychoanalysis. D) client-centered therapy and network therapy.
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B) rational-emotive therapy (RET) and cognitive therapy (CT).
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25. According to the ABC model: A) your beliefs (B) about activating events (A), and not the events themselves, cause emotional consequences (C). B) activating events (A) cause emotional consequences (C), which change your beliefs (B) about your self-concept. C) psychological symptoms develop when all (A) behaviors (B) result in the consequence (C) of conditional acceptance. D) activating events (A) cause behavioral (B) and emotional consequences (C).
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A) your beliefs (B) about activating events (A), and not the events themselves, cause emotional consequences (C).
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26. A therapy approach that is based on the idea that cognitions, behaviors, and emotional responses are interrelated, with each affecting the other, is called: A) cognitive-behavioral therapy. B) behavior modification. C) psychoanalysis. D) interpersonal therapy (IPT)
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A) cognitive-behavioral therapy.
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27. The basic premise of family therapy is that: A) virtually all families are dysfunctional. B) the family is a dynamic, interdependent system in which each member plays a distinct role. C) because the client is the victim of defective parenting, the client needs to openly confront his or her parents in a therapeutic setting. D) children's psychological problems are due to poor communication between husband and wife.
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B) the family is a dynamic, interdependent system in which each member plays a distinct role.
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28. The general goal of couple therapy is to: A) help clients understand that other people have the same kinds of problems and promote self-help skills. B) increase the chances that a newly engaged couple will stay married. C) increase intimacy and improve problem solving and communication skills of people in a committed relationship. D) help a single person find a marital partner.
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C) increase intimacy and improve problem solving and communication skills of people in a committed relationship.
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29. A key difference between a self-help group and group therapy is that: A) self-help groups are usually more expensive. B) self-help groups are hardly ever effective whereas group therapy is almost always effective. C) self-help groups are made up of people with diverse problems while group therapy groups are made up of people with the same problem. D) self-help groups are typically organized and led by nonprofessionals.
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D) self-help groups are typically organized and led by nonprofessionals.
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30. Psychotropic medications: A) were first developed by the Chinese during the Ming Dynasty in the 1300s. B) are drugs that alter mental functions and are used to treat mental disorders. C) were first brought to Europe in the 1500s by the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan. D) All of the above are correct.
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B) are drugs that alter mental functions and are used to treat mental disorders.
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31. Valium, Librium, Xanax, and other similar antianxiety medications: A) act quickly and reduce the physical and emotional feelings of anxiety in about an hour. B) usually produce their anxiety-reducing effects within two to three weeks. C) can be taken for months or years without any serious side effects. D) increase brain levels of dopamine.
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A) act quickly and reduce the physical and emotional feelings of anxiety in about an hour.
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32. Symptoms of pervasive sadness, hopelessness, depression, sleep disturbances, guilt, and suicidal thoughts are treated with a class of psychoactive medications called: A) anti-inflammatory drugs. B) antipsychotic drugs. C) antidepressants. D) the benzodiazepines.
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B) antipsychotic drugs.
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33. According to the textbook, the relationship between a therapist and client should be: A) a collaborative one. B) much like a close friendship, only more intense. C) one in which the therapist makes decisions for the client. D) more important to the client than any other relationship, if the therapy is to be effective.
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A) a collaborative one.
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34. Regarding sexual interactions between client and therapist, which of the following statements is TRUE? A) As long as a client is of legal age, sexual relationships between a client and therapist are both legal and ethical. B) Sexual contact between a therapist and client is never ethical. C) Although sexual contact is not supposed to take place between therapist and client, if it does occur, it rarely has any detrimental effects on the client. D) Sexual interaction between the therapist and the client is a key component of many forms of psychotherapy.
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B) Sexual contact between a therapist and client is never ethical.
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35. Mackenzie has just started psychotherapy. If Mackenzie is typical of most psychotherapy clients, she should expect to notice significant progress: A) immediately. B) after a few months of weekly sessions. C) after a year of weekly sessions. D) after two to three years of weekly sessions.
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B) after a few months of weekly sessions.
