question

German immigrant Marcus Spiegel helps us explain what about average American's views of the Civil War?

answer

That people had different views - they weren't supporting a specific group, or being completely Democratic or Republican

question

What were the advantages of the Confederacy at the outset of the war?

answer

The Union had to conquer an area of land larger than Western Europe and that the Confederacy had motivated soldiers fighting to protect slavery

question

What were technological changes that helped to make the Civil War a modern war?

answer

Railroad, iron clads, telegraph, observation balloons, hand grenades, submarines, trenches, and the modern rifle

question

What were the Monitor and the Merrimac?

answer

The first demonstration of the superiority of ironclads over wooden ships, which revolutionized naval warfare

question

Approximately how many Union and Confederate soldiers died during the Civil War?

answer

620,000

question

Describe the strategy of the Anaconda Plan.

answer

To strangle the south economically, which included a naval blockade

question

Describe the scene of the First Battle of Bull Run.

answer

Took place in Northern Virginia on July 21, 1861. Union soldiers retreated and almost 800 men died - more Americans than any other previous battle

question

Who was offered a command in the Union army, but declined because of his devotion to his native state?

answer

Robert E. Lee

question

The major Confederate army in the East, commanded by Robert E. Lee, was called?

answer

The Army of Northern Virginia

question

On what front were Union forces most successful on in the war's early years?

answer

Western fronts

question

Why is Antietam a notably battle?

answer

More soldiers perished in Antietam than in all other wars fought in the US in the nineteenth century combined

question

What did General George McClellan accomplish and not accomplish during the war?

answer

He won against Confederate troops in Western Virginia and assumed command of the Union's army of Potomac, but was not able to win the Battle of Antietam

question

What was the Crittenden Resolution? What was it's purpose?

answer

It affirmed that the Union had no intention of interfering with slavery, and even Northern soldiers returned fugitive slaves to their owners, which enraged the antislavery circles

question

Why was Lincoln hesitant to support abolition early in the war?

answer

He wanted to keep the border slave states in the Union, so the North would have the most support for the war

question

What were "contraband camps"?

answer

Holding camps for enslaved peoples, or "contrabands"

question

When did Great Britain abolish slavery in its empire?

answer

1830's

question

The last nation to abolish slavery was?

answer

Brazil

question

In what year did slavery officially end in the Western Hemisphere?

answer

1888

question

Which Union general in Missouri decreed freedom to that state's slaves in 1861, a year before Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation?

answer

John C. Frémont

question

What was Abraham Lincoln's slavery policy during the first two years of the war?

answer

To prevent the expansion of slavery, through gradual emancipation

question

Why was the timing of Lincoln's issuance of an emancipation proclamation important? Why couldn't he issue it before?

answer

He had to wait due to it's legality during the president's authority as a military commander-in-chief, which led to the proclamation exempting areas under Union control, where the war had already ended, therefore, slaves under the Confederate's control were to be freed

question

The Emancipation Proclamation of January 1, 1863 applied to what states? What was the constitutional authority the President used to issue the Proclamation?

answer

It applied to the southern states, not the border or Union ones; used his authority as a military commander-in-chief

question

What was the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer regiment best known for?

answer

Their attack on Fort Wagner, South Carolina, which helped to dispel widespread doubts about black's ability to withstand the pressures of the Civil War battlefield

question

During the Civil War what effect did black soldiers have on the public opinion in the North?

answer

Led Republicans to believe that emancipation must bring with it equal protection of the laws, regardless of race

question

Lincoln's vision of the United States during the Civil War reflected what ideals?

answer

Unifying a particular people with a common ethnic, cultural, and linguistic heritage, universal ideas centered on political democracy and human liberty, and that the US represented that the government should not rest of the popular consent that all men are free

question

What were the main themes of Lincoln's "Gettysburg Address"?

answer

All men are created equal, war was bringing out a new birth of freedom, and the sacrifices of the soldiers would ensure that the government of the people, for the people, by the people, would not perish from the Earth

question

What actions did Abraham Lincoln take to curtail civil liberties during the Civil War?

answer

He suspended the writ of habeus corpus twice, for people of "disloyal activities"

question

What was the key holding of the US Supreme Court in the case of Ex parte Milligan?

answer

It was unconstitutional to bring accused persons before military tribunals where civil courts were operating

question

What does Alexander Stephen say about the founders ideas of equality? Why does he argue that slavery in the South differs from slavery as it existed in previous societies?

answer

He said that black people are not equal to white people and that slavery is the black's natural and moral condition. He argues that slavery is different because their system does not violate the law that you cannot enslave your own race, because blacks are not white

question

Who was Clement Vallandigham?

answer

A leading Ohio democrat known for his blistering anti war speeches; was convicted of treason

question

Describe the economic impact of the war on the Northern economy.

answer

The profits of industry bloomed, and mechanization and agriculture grew, which led to a rising class of capitalist entrepreneurs

question

What is Colonel John Chivington famous for?

answer

He's infamous for leading a unit of soldiers to attack a village of Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians at Sand Creek, killing 400 men, women, and children

question

What was the relationship between the Confederacy and Native Americans?

answer

Better than the relationship between the Union and Native Americans - the Confederate Constitution provided for Indian tribes to elect representatives to congress and allowed the tribes complete self-government

question

What are "Captains of industry"? Who were some of the Northerners who took advantage of economic opportunities of the war?

answer

They were industrial entrepreneurs who took advantage of supplying the military for their own benefit; some of these people were Andrew Carnegie (iron&steel), John D. Rockefeller (oil), Jay Gould, J.P. Morgan, and Phillip D. Armour (financiers)

question

"Greenback" was a Civil War-ear nickname for?

answer

Paper money

question

What was the US Sanitary Commission?

answer

A national relief agency to coordinate donations on the northern home front

question

During the Civil War, how did northern white women blend into the economy more?

answer

They took jobs as clerks in government offices

question

Who lobbied for the United States to endorse the First Geneva Convention of 1864?

answer

Clara Barton, an advocate of woman's suffrage and president of the National Red Cross

question

Describe the New York City riots of July 1863?

answer

Led by Irish immigrants, who assaulted symbols of the new order being created by the war - draft offices, mansions of the wealthy Republicans, industrial establishments, and the city's black population

question

Who were the Copperheads?

answer

The democrats; named after a snake that strikes without warning

question

What sort of leadership problems did Jefferson Davis encounter? What actions did he have to take to make the Confederacy able to make war? Why was this "paradoxical"?

answer

He had problems involving a lack of a party system, he wasn't politically flexible, and couldn't win over the ordinary people. Davis needed to create an opposing party to the Republicans, which was paradoxical because parties were thought of as threats to national unity

question

"King Cotton diplomacy" led Great Britain to doing what?

answer

Introducing cotton to Egypt, Asia, India, and Russia, which led to the worldwide crisis of the overproduction of cotton

question

What caused domestic problems and resentment within the Confederacy?

answer

Social change, internal turmoil, and the "twenty-negro" draft

question

Who was Ross Greenhow?

answer

The widow of a former American diplomat, who headed an espionage ring in Washington D.C., that passed valuable information about Union troop movements to the Confederacy

question

In July 1863, the Union won two key victories that are often identified by turning points in the war. These victories occurred at?

answer

Gettysburg and Vicksburg

question

Why was the Union's manpower advantage over the Confederacy so critical?

answer

Because they had such a large amount of soldiers, they were continuously able to fight, and also made it hard for the enemy to concentrate on certain groups of forces or retreat from battles

question

What were the effects of the May and June battles in Virginia (between the armies of Grant and Lee)?

answer

The largest amount of casualties from a war and became more in common go the trench warfare of World War 1

question

Which September 1864 event helped Lincoln win reelection as a president that November?

answer

Because John C. Frémont withdrew from the election and that General Sherman's capture of Atlanta

question

The "Sea Island Experiment"refers to?

answer

When Union troops occupied the island off the coast of South Carolina, where all the white population fled, leaving behind 10,000 slaves, which were freed and educated on how to survive as a free people

question

What was the main aspiration for former slaves in the Reconstruction?

answer

To get better education so they could work for wages to pay for better shelter, clothing, and a varied diet

question

What were the stipulations of the Wade-Davis Bill in 1864?

answer

That a majority, not 10%, had to pledge support for the union before Reconstruction could begin in any state and guaranteed blacks equality before the law, but did not give them the right to vote

question

What was the primary purpose for General Sherman's "March to the Sea"?

answer

To punish the South by destroying Georgia and South Carolina

question

What was the 13th Amendment?

answer

Abolished slavery throughout the entire Union

question

What was the theme of Lincoln's second inaugural address?

answer

Reconciliation and that God had brought the war to punish the nation

question

In his last speech, Lincoln said what regarding postwar policy?

answer

Limited black suffrage

question

How was Ulysses Grant received in Europe during his tour in the 1870's?

answer

He was well respected and celebrated as a military genius, "Hero of Freedom", and nation-builder

question

What were the ultimate effects of the war on American history?

answer

The destruction of slavery, power gained in the North and lost in the South, and placed the challenge of protecting African-American freedom

Ch. 14 – A New Birth of Freedom: The Civil War – Flashcards

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