Ch. 12: Judaism – Flashcards
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Covenant
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an agreement established long ago between God and the ancient Israelites, first through Abraham and later through Moses; God's chosen people
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Shema
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Judaism's most basic theological statement that declares the uniqueness of God: "Hear, O Israel! The Lord is our God, the Lord alone." -Deut. 6.4
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three related meanings of Torah
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instruction; law; the first five books of the Bible
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Rabbi
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teacher of Torah and leader of Jewish worship
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providential
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directly involved in guiding and caring for creation on a day to day basis
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why did the Pharisees emerge after the destruction of the Second Jerusalem Temple in AD 70 with their religious ways intact?
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they focused on the study of the Torah rather than on the rituals observed at the Temple- all you need for synagogue worship is a Torah
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what does the Kabbalah teach?
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teaches that God can best be known with the heart, through love
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God's name appears in the Bible in the Hebrew equivalents of the letters
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YHWH
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the five books of the Torah are
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traditionally believed to have been revealed directly by God to Moses and the central statement of Judaisms's religious laws
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Jews refer to the Hebrew Bible as the
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Tanakh
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Moses
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received the Law at Mount Sinai and is regarded as the Torah's author
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it is most accurate to think of Jews as
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an ethnic group that shares a common history and religion
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Jews believe that God is
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directly involved in history
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the second large-scale revolt the Jews waged against Romans ended in A.D. 135 when the Romans
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leveled Jerusalem and decreed that Jews could no longer inhabit Palestine
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the most important events in Israelite history were
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the Exodus from Egypt and the revelation on Mount Sinai
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Israel was granted statehood in
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1948
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Torah defines
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worship
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Torah
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literally "instruction"; the will of God as it is revealed to humankind
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Pentateuch
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Greek for "five books"; the Torah
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the Ten Commandments
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the most famous of the 613 laws in the Torah, found in chapter 20 of Exodus
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synagogue
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a building for Jewish worship
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prophet
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someone who is called to speak for God
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Mishnah
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the starting point for rabbinic study of the oral Torah; a collection of sacred traditions that was written down in about A.D. 200 and contains teachings of the rabbis of the preceding four centuries
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Talmud
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the vast depository blending together the oral and written forms of Torah, based on the Mishnah with extensive rabbinic commentary
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Diaspora
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the situation of Jews living away from their homeland, a circumstance that has been true for most Jews since the classical period
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the Zohar
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the most famous text of Jewish mysticism
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Kabbalah
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Jewish mysticism, which teaches that God can best be known with the heart
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Hasidism
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a form of Judaism that arose in eighteenth century easter Europe and emphasizes mysticism, a personal relationship with God and the community, and the leadership of the zaddik
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Zionism
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a movement that was originally committed to the re-establishment of a Jewish homeland; since 1948, generally the support of Israel
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the Holocaust
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the persecution of the Jews by German Nazis from 1938 to 1945, resulting in the murder of nearly six million Jews; sometimes called the Shoah
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Seder
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the high point of the Passover festival
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what Yom Kippur emphasizes
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repentance
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circumcision
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a physical feature that distinguished the Israelites from people of other nations
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bat-mitzvah
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a coming-of-age ritual for a Jewish girl
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kaddish
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a prayer of mourning
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Muslims
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the people who conquered Palestine and the surrounding area in the seventh century A.D.
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Abraham
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the man God called to be the father of a great nation; the first patriarch
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Jacob
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Abraham's grandson, also known as Israel
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Moses
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the person who helped free the Israelites from slavery in Egypt
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David
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the Israelite king whom Jews have always regarded as a prototype of the Messah
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Solomon
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the person who built the Temple in Jerusalem
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Assyrians
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the people who conquered the northern kingdom, Israel, in 722 B.C.
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Babylonians
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the people who conquered the southern kingdom, Judah, in about 587 B.C.
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Romans
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the people who destroyed the Jerusalem Temple for the second time in A.D. 70
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Moses Maimonides
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a Jewish philosopher who lived in Muslim Spain during the medieval period and who applied the philosophy of Plato and Aristotle to the biblical tradition and contributed Judaism's most famous statement of beliefs
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Reform Judaism
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holds that being Jewish and being completely involved in modern society are compatible
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Orthodox Judaism
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maintains that Torah is the standard of truth and that life within society must always conform to it; deeply traditional
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Conservative Judaism
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somewhat open to change and modern ways, but is quite strict regarding observance of traditional Jewish practices
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according to the Mishnah, what sustains the world?
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the Law, the Temple-service, and deeds of loving kindness
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what must every synagogue contain?
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Torah
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when does the Sabbath occur? what are the two main aspects of its celebration?
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sunset on Friday until sunset on Saturday; worship and rest
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what is celebrated on Rosh Hashanah?
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the new year
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what is emphasized on Yom Kippur?
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repentance through confession of sin
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what does the festival Passover commemorate?
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the Exodus of the Jews from bondage in Egypt
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what are the bar-mitzvah and the bat-mitzvah?
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the point at which a child takes on the religious responsibilities of an adult and becomes responsible for observing the detailed practices of daily Jewish life
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what symbols and events highlight the Jewish marriage ceremony?
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the bride and groom stand beneath the huppah, which creates a special, sacred space; seven blessings are read over a cup of wine; the groom breaks a wine glass beneath his foot
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huppah
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bridal canopy
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Kipah
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the Hebrew name for the skullcap males are required to wear
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mezuzah
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a small container with a scroll on which the Shema is written, hung on many Jews' doors
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Shabbat
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the Hebrew term for Sabbath
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one major part of the Hebrew Bible- (T) Ta
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Torah
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one major part of the Hebrew Bible (N) Na
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prophets
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one major part of the Hebrew Bible (K) Kh
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writings
