Ch.10 biology – Flashcards

The process by which haploid gametes combine

...produces genetic variation in gametes

Homologous chromosomes separate during which phase?

Contain twice the number of chromosomes found in a single gamete

Exchange of chromosomal segments between a pair of homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis

Having two copies of each chromosome (2n)

A haploid sex cell, formed during meiosis, that can combine with another haploid sex cell and produce a diploid fertilized egg

Functional unit that controls inherited trait expression that is passed on from one generation to another generation

Cell with half the number of chromosomes (n) as a diploid cell

One of two paired chromosomes, one from each parent, that carries genes for a specific trait at the same location

Process by which haploid gametes combine, forming a diploid cell with 2n chromosomes, with n chromosomes from the female parent and n chromosomes form the male parent

Reduction division process, occurring only in reproductive cells, in which one diploid cell produces 4 haploid cells that aren't genetically identical

An organism with two of the same alleles for a particular trait

An organism with two different alleles for a particular trait

The organism's allele pairs

The observable characteristic or outward expression of an allele pair

States that two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis

Heterozygous organisms

States that a random distribution of alleles occurs during gamete formation

The separation of allelic genes that typically occurs during meiosis

Large, complex polymer essential to all life that provides structure for tissues and organs and helps carry out cell metabolism

The new combination of genes produced by crossing over and independent assortment

The occurrence of one or more extra sets of all chromosomes in an organism

An alternative form of a single gene

Alleles that controlled the traits that appeared in the F1 generation

Alleles that were masked in the F1 generation

Consists of one cell division that produces identical cells

Consists of two cell divisions that produce haploid daughter cells that are not genetically identical

Mendel was the first person to succeed in predicting how traits are _______ from generation to generation

In peas, both male and female sex cells, which are called _______, are in the same flower

...Occurs when a male gamete fuses with a female gamete in the same flower

Mendel used the technique called _______ to breed one plant with another

Mendel studied only one _____ at a time and analyzed his data mathematically

The _____ allele of a trait is hidden by the expression of the other phenotype

The ______ allele of a trait is visible in the phenotype

a cross between plants that involves one characteristic

Involve two gene pairs

Genes that are located on the same chromosome

An outcome of independent assortment

Crossing over occurs in genes that are __________ on a chromosome

Name for the occurrence of one or more extra sets of all chromosomes in an organism's cells; increased size and vigor; ex: wheats, oaks, & sugar cane