Ch. 1 Anatomy – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Anatomy
answer
the study of structure.
question
Anatomists
answer
examine the relationships among parts of the body as well as the structure of individual organs
question
Physiology
answer
The scientific discipline that studies the function of body structures
question
General Categories of Anatomy
answer
Microscopic and Gross
question
Microscopic Anatomy
answer
examines structures that can't be observed by the unaided eye
question
Cytology
answer
the study of single body cells and their internal structures
question
Histology
answer
the study of tissues, examines how groups of specialized cells and their products function for a common purpose
question
Gross Anatomy
answer
investigates the structure and relationships of large body parts that are visible to the unaided eye
question
Approaches to Gross Anatomy
answer
comparative anatomy, developmental anatomy, embryology, regional anatomy, surface anatomy, radiographic anatomy, systemic anatomy
question
Comparative Anatomy
answer
examines the similarities and differences in the anatomy of species
question
Developmental Anatomy
answer
investigates the changes in structure within an individual from conception through maturity
question
Embryology
answer
concerned specifically with developmental changes occurring prior to birth
question
Regional Anatomy
answer
examines all the structures in a particular region of the body as one complete unit
question
Surface Anatomy
answer
examines both superficial anatomic markings and internal body structures as they relate to the skin covering them
question
Systemic Anatomy
answer
studies the gross anatomy of each system in the body
question
Pathologic Anatomy
answer
examines all anatomic changes resulting from disease
question
Radiographic Anatomy
answer
studies the relationships among internal structures that may be visualized by specific scanning procedures, such as ultrasound, MRIs, or x-ray
question
Surgical Anatomy
answer
investigates the anatomic landmarks used before and after surgery
question
Chemical Level
answer
simplest level of organization with the body and is composed of atoms and molecules
question
Atoms
answer
the smallest units of matter
question
Molecule
answer
formed by two or more combined atoms
question
Cells
answer
the basic units of structure and function in organisms, formed by the joining of large cells
question
Cellular Level
answer
specialized structural and functional units called organelles permit all living cells to share certain common functions
question
Tissue Level
answer
Groups of similar cells with a common function
question
Tissues
answer
precise organizations of similar cells that perform specialized functions
question
Four Types of Tissues
answer
epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
question
Epithelial Tissue
answer
covers exposed surfaces and lines body cavitites
question
Connective Tissue
answer
protects, supports nad interconnects body parts and organs
question
Muscle Tissue
answer
produces movement
question
Nervous Tissue
answer
conducts impulses for internal communication
question
Organ Level
answer
different tissue types combine to form an organ
question
Organs
answer
contain two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific, complex funcions
question
Organ System Level
answer
consists of related organs that work together to coordinate activities and achieve a common function
question
Organismal Level
answer
highest level of structural organization
question
Organism
answer
all body systems function interdependently in a single living human being
question
Organization
answer
all organisms exhibit a complex structure and order
question
Metabolism
answer
All organisms carry out various chemical reactions, collectively termed this
question
Growth and Development
answer
During their lifetime, organisms assimilate materials from their environment and exhibit increased size and increased specialization as related to form and function
question
Respnsiveness
answer
all organisms sense and respond to changes in their internal or external environment
question
Adaptation
answer
over a period of time, an organism may alter an anatomic structure, physiologic process, or behavioral trait to increase its expected long-term reproductive success
question
Regulation
answer
control and regulatory mechanisms within an organism maintain a consistent internal environment
question
Homeostasis
answer
a consistent internal environment
question
Reproduction
answer
all organisms produce new cells for growth, maintenance, and repair
question
Anatomic Position
answer
an individual upright with the feet parallel and flat on floor, head is level, eyes look ahead,arms are at either side of the body with the palms facing forward and the thumbs pointing away from the body
question
Coronal/Frontal Plane
answer
a vertical plane that divides the body in anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts
question
Transverse/Horizontal Plane
answer
cuts perpendicularly along the long axis of the body or organ. THe body or organ is separated into both superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts
question
Midsagittal/Median Plane
answer
extends through the body or organ vertically and divides the structure into right and left halves
question
Sagittal Plane
answer
divides a structure into right and left portions that may or may not be equal
question
Oblique Plane
answer
passes through the specimen at an angle
question
Axial Region
answer
includes the head, neck, and trunk- forms the main vertical axis of the body
question
Appendicular Region
answer
limbs attach to the body's axis
question
Two Areas of the Axial Region
answer
posterior aspect and ventral cavity
question
Cranial Cavity
answer
formed by the cranium and houses he brain
question
Vertebral Canal
answer
formed by the individual bones of the vertebral column and contains the spinal cord
question
Ventral Cavity
answer
arises from a space called the coelom that forms during embryonic development
question
Two Parts of Ventral Cavity
answer
thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
question
Diaphragm
answer
muscular partition that develops between these vavities
question
Serous Membranes
answer
lines both the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
question
Two Layers of Serious Membranes
answer
parietal layer and visceral layer
question
Parietal Layer
answer
lines the internal surface of the body wall
question
Visceral Layer
answer
covers the external surface of organs within the cavity
question
Serous Cavity
answer
thin potential space between parietal and visceral layers and contains a film of serous fluid that is secreted by the cells of the serous membranes
question
Mediastinum
answer
the median space in the thoracic cavity
question
Pericardium
answer
two-layered serous membrane that encloses the heart
question
Parietal Pericarduim
answer
the outermost layer and forms the sac around the hard
question
Visceral Pericardium
answer
forms the heart's external surface
question
Pericardial Cavity
answer
the potential space between the parietal and visceral pericardia and contains serous fluid
question
Pleura
answer
two-layered serous membrane that lines the lungs
question
Parietal Pleura
answer
outer layer of the serous membrane covering the lungs that lines the internal surface of the thoracic wall
question
Visceral Pleura
answer
covers the external surface of the lung
question
Pleural Cavity
answer
narrow, moist potential space between the parietal and visceral layers
question
Abdominal Cavity
answer
Superior to an imaginary line drawn between the superior aspects of the hip bones
question
Pelvic Cavity
answer
inferior to the imaginary line drawn between the superior aspects of the hip bones
question
Peritoneum
answer
moist, two-layered serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity
question
Parietal Peritoneum
answer
the outer layer of the serous membrane that lines the internal walls of the abdominopelvic cavity
question
Visceral Periotoneum
answer
the inner layer of the serous membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity that ensheathes the external surfaces of most of the digestive organs
question
Peritoneal Cavity
answer
The potential space between the serous membrane layers in the abdominopelvic cavity
question
Epigastric Region
answer
the superior region in the middle column
question
Umbilical Region
answer
the middle region in the middle column
question
Hypogastric Region
answer
the inferior region in the middle column
question
Right and Left Hypochondriac Regions
answer
the superior regions lateral the the epigastric region
question
The Right and Left Lumbar Regions
answer
the middle regions lateral to the umbilical region
question
The Right and Left Iliac Regions
answer
The inferior regions lateral to the hypogastric region
