question

Application

answer

a computer program designed to support a specific task or business process

question

Ethics are the principals of right and wrong that individuals used to guide their behavior. The three tenets of ethics are responsibility, liability, and accountability. Responsibility means you accept the consequences. Liability is the legal concept that allows individuals to recover the damages done to them. Accountability is determining who is responsible for the actions that were taken. The four ethical issues that relate to IT are privacy issues, accuracy issues, property issues, and accessibility issues. Accuracy involves the authenticity of the info collected. Property involve the ownership and value of info. Privacy involves collecting, storing, and dissenting info about individuals. Accessibility involves who should have access to this info and how they should pay for it

answer

Define ethics, list and describe the three fundamental tenets of ethics, and describe the four categories of ethical issues related to IT.

question

An information system exposure is:

answer

The possibility that an information resource will be lost or damaged.

question

Torrent

answer

A tiny piece of data that facilitates file sharing by many users.

question

Business Intelligence Systems

answer

provide a computer based support for complex, non routine decisions, primarily for middle managers and knowledge workers

question

Computer-based information systems

answer

An information system that uses computer technology to perform some of all of its intended tasks

question

dashboards

answer

a special form of IS that supports all managers of the organization by providing rapid access to timely information and direct access to structured information in the form of reports

question

data items

answer

elementary descriptions of things, events, activities, and transactions that re recorded, classified, and stored but are not organized to convey any specific meanings

question

database

answer

a collection of related files or tables containing data.

question

electronic commerce system

answer

a type of inter organizational information system that enables organizations to conduct transactions, called business-to-business electronic commerce, and customer to conduct transactions with businesses, called business-to-consumer electronic commerce.

question

Twisted Pair- Wire

answer

Cheap; Easy; Slow; low security;

question

Coaxial Cable

answer

for tv; low to medium security; somewhat difficult; electromagnetic interference

question

fiber optic- cable

answer

inexpensive; high security; difficult to work with; high speed

question

enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems

answer

Is that correct a lack of communication among the FAISs by tightly integrating the functional area ISs via a common database

question

ergonomics

answer

the science of adapting machines and work environments to people with the goal of creating an environment that is safe, well lit, and comfortable.

question

expert systems (ESs)

answer

attempt to duplicate the work of human experts by applying reasoning capabilities, knowledge, and expertise within a specific domain

question

functional area information systems (FAIS)

answer

Is that support a particular functional area within the organization

question

hardware

answer

a device such as a processor, monitor, keyboard, or printer. Together, these devices accept data and information, process them, and display them

question

information

answer

data that have been organized so that they have meaning and value to the recipient

question

information system (IS)

answer

collects, process, stores, analyzes, and disseminates information for a specific purpose

question

Information Technology (IT)

answer

relates to any computer-based tool that people use to work with information and support the information and information processing needs of an organization.

question

information technology components

answer

hardware, software, databases, and networks

question

information technology infrastructure

answer

IT components plus IT services

question

Information technology platform

answer

formed by the IT components of hardware, software, networks (wireline and wireless), and databases

question

information technology services

answer

IT personnel use IT components to perform these IT services: develop informations systems, oversee security and risk, and manage data.

question

informed user

answer

a person knowledgeable about information systems and information technology

question

inter organizational information systems (IOSs)

answer

information systems that connect two or more organizations

question

knowledge

answer

data and/or information that have been organized and processed to convey understanding, experience, accumulated learning, and expertise as they apply to a current problem or activity

question

rights approach

answer

bests protects and respects moral rights

question

utilitarian approach

answer

most good or does the least amount of harm

question

common good approach

answer

best approach for the whole community

question

fairness approach

answer

treat all humans equally

question

knowledge workers

answer

professional employees, such as financial and marketing analysts, engineers, lawyers and accountants, who are experts in a particle subject area and create information and knowledge, which they integrate into the business.

question

network

answer

a connecting system (wireling or wireless) that permits different computers to share resources

question

office automation systems (OASs)

answer

typical support clerical staff, lower and middler managers, and knowledge workers to develop documents, schedule resources, and communicate

question

procedures

answer

the set of instructions about how to combine the components of information technology in order to process information and generate the desired output

question

software

answer

a program or collection of programs that enable the hardware to process data

question

supply chain

answer

the flow of materials, information, money, and services from suppliers of raw materials through factories and warehouses to the end customers

question

transaction processing system (TPS)

answer

supports the monitoring, collection, and processing of data from the organizations' basic business transactions, each of which generates data.

question

Sales and marketing professionals use IT for which of the following functions?

answer

Promotion analysis & Site analysis

question

Expert systems:

answer

Apply reasoning, knowledge, and expertise within a specific domain.

question

Increased productivity,Increased number of employees reporting to a single manager, & Decreased time frames for making decisions

answer

IT changes a middle manager's job in which of the following ways?

question

Business environment pressures can come from which of the following?

answer

Political changes

question

? IS have a strategic value to the organization ? IS are expensive to acquire, operate and maintain ? Computing resources are scattered throughout the organization ? End users share the responsibility for the IS with the IS department

answer

Managing Information Systems is a complex task. Why?

question

• Managing systems development & systems project management • Managing computer operations, including the computer center • Staffing, training and developing IS skills • Providing technical services • Infrastructure planning, development and control

answer

Traditional functions of MIS

question

• Initiating and designing specific strategic information systems • Incorporating the Internet and electronic commerce into the business • Managing system integration including the Internet, intranets and extranets • Educating the non-MIS managers about IT • Educating the MIS staff about the business • Partnering with business- unit executives • Managing outsourcing • Proactively using business and technical knowledge to seed innovative ideas about IT • Creating business alliances with business partners

answer

New Functions of the MIS department:

question

Technology pressures such as information overload.

answer

Which of the following pressures do businesses today experience?

question

Strategic Systems & Mass Customization

answer

Which of the following are organizational responses to various business pressures?

question

increases; decreases

answer

According to Michael Porter, the Web ______ competition, which generally _________ a firm's profitability.

question

Procurement & Product and Technology Development

answer

According to Porter's Value Chain Model, which of the following are considered support activities?

question

Application or application programs:

answer

A computer program designed to support a specific task or business process

question

True

answer

There are six (6) characteristics of effective Business-IT Alignment. True or False

question

click stream data

answer

Data that comes from the Web is referred to as

question

creating a data model

answer

The first step in creating a database should be:

question

False

answer

The relational database model is based on the concept of one-dimensional tables. T or F

question

False

answer

Data warehouses are smaller in scope than data marts. T or F

question

instantly updated

answer

Which of the following is not a characteristic of data warehouse and data marts?

question

Departmental Information Systems:

answer

? Functional Area IS (FAIS) (e.g. Accounting and Finance systems, Sales automation, Human resource information systems, etc.) ? Collection of application programs in a single department

question

Entire organization:

answer

? ERP (coordinate and share data across multiple FAIS) ? TPS (Monitor, collect, store, and process data from the organization's basic transactions that generate data; transaction data: A record of the activities of the business)

question

Data

answer

raw & no context

question

Information

answer

meaningful & organized; may or may not be used to solve a problem

question

Knowledge

answer

information &/or data that have been processed to convey understanding; applied; can be exercised to solve a problem

question

Business-IT Alignment

answer

Tight integration of the IT functions with the strategy, mission, and goals of the organization

question

Organizations view IT as an engine of innovation Customers and customer service function are important Rotations among business and IT professionals Organizations provide clear goals to IT and other business functions IT employees understand how the company operates Vibrant and inclusive company culture

answer

Characteristics of good business-IT alignment:

question

? Business manager and IT managers have different objectives ? They ignored each other expertise ? Lack of communication

answer

Only 16% of executives reported that they had adequate business-IT alignment. Why?

question

Michael Porter's competitive forces model:

answer

• Buyer power is high when buyers have many choices from whom to buy and low when buyers have few choices • The bargaining power of suppliers is high when buyers have few choices and low when buyers have many choices. • Threat of entry of new competitors is high when it is easy to enter a market and low when significant barriers to entry exist. • The threat of substitute products or services is high when there are many substitutes for an organization's products or services and low where there are few substitutes.

question

Digital channel

answer

lower costs of delivery

question

Internet:

answer

- reduces barrier to entry - increases the bargaining power of buyers - lowers the power of suppliers or increases (if supplier locks-in a customer) - increases the threat of subsitutes (e.g. over the Internet we can convey information cheaply and efficiently)

question

Cost leadership strategy:

answer

offering products and services and the lowest cost

question

Differentiation strategy:

answer

offer different products and services from competitors

question

Innovation strategy:

answer

introducing new products and services; adding new features, developing new ways to offer them

question

Operational effectiveness strategy:

answer

improving business processes so firm operates better than competition

question

Customer-orientation strategy:

answer

treating customers well

question

Database:

answer

? A group of logically related files that stores data adn the associations among them ? Most popular language used to extract information from a database is SQL

question

Database management system (DBMS):

answer

? A set of programs that provide users with tools to add, delete, access, modify, and analyze data stored in one location

question

data

answer

___ provides information, creating knowledge that is used in decision making

question

Challenges of data management:

answer

? new systems are developed ? the media used to store it can be problematic ? new sources of data are developed ? amount of data increases exponentially ? data are scattered throughout organizations

question

Knowledge is information in action

answer

• Contextual,relevant,anduseful • Also called intellectual capital or intellectual assets

question

Explicit knowledge

answer

• Objective, rational, technical knowledge that has been documented and can be distributed transformed into a process or a strategy •Examples:policies,proceduralguides,reports,products,strategies,goals,core competencies

question

Tacit knowledge

answer

• Cumulative store of subjective or experiential learning •Highly personal,imprecise,unstructured and costly to transfer • Examples:experiences,insights,expertise,know-how,tradesecrets,understanding,skillsets, learning, and organizational culture

question

Data model

answer

? A diagram that represents the entities in the database and their relationships

question

Entity relationship diagrams (used in db design)

answer

? Show data entities and attributes and relationships among them ? Entity: A person, place, thing, or event about which information is maintained ? Attribute: A particular characteristic or quality of a particular entity ? Relationship: association between entities (types: One-to-one, One-to-many, Many-to-many)

question

Client - server processing:

answer

? Server computers: provide computing services ? Client computers: end users access client computer to use services

question

Peer-to-peer processing:

answer

? type of client-server processing in which each computer works as both a client and a server

question

Swarming:

answer

process used by BitTorrent that eliminates file-sharing bottlenecks by having everyone share small pieces of a file at the same time

question

Network:

answer

? A system that connects computers and other devices via communications media so that data and information can be transmitted among them

question

Backbone:

answer

supports major traffic; high speed central network: LANs & WANs are connected to it

question

Local Area Networks (LANs):

answer

? components: file server, client computers, network interface cards, DSL/cable

question

? Cover large geographical areas ? Have large capacity ? Combine multiple communication channels ? Example: Internet

answer

Wide Area Networks (WANs):

question

enterprise network:

answer

can comprise of interconnected LANS and WANS

question

Protocol:

answer

Set of rules and procedures governing transmission across a network

question

Ethernet:

answer

A common LAN protocol

question

? A file transfer protocol that can send large files of information across sometimes unreliable networks with assurance that the data will arrive uncorrupted ? Manages the movement of packets between computers ? Use packet switching technology ? 4 layers model

answer

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP):

question

? Data are divided into small, fixed bundles of data ? Packets contain a sequence number ? Packets are routed through different paths ? Packets use TCP/IP to carry their data ? Packets contain destination addressing

answer

Packets:

question

Packet switching technology:

answer

? Transmission technoloy that divides data into packets

question

Dashboard:

answer

a BI application that provides rapid access to timely information and direct access to management reports

question

Data mining:

answer

? Involves prediction of trends and behaviors; identifies patterns in a data set to forecast future behavior ? Explains why phenomenon is occurring and helps predict what will happen in the future ? Example: using archival sales data to forecast customers' future purchases

question

? Multidimensional; involves drilling down the data to get to greater detail ? Included in Ms Excel ? Multidimensional analysis provides a view of what is happening

answer

Online Analytical Processing:

question

Reality mining:

answer

extraction of information from the usage of cell phones

question

• Computer-based information systems that combine models and data in an attempt to analyze semi structured and some unstructured problems with extensive user involvement ? Adaptable to changing conditions ? Support all phases of the decision making process ? Utilize quantitative models ? Easy to use and construct

answer

Decision support systems:

question

? Interpersonal (figurehead; leader) ? Informational (to monitor, to disseminate, to analyze) ? Decisional (to negotiate; to allocate resources; to handle disturbances)

answer

• Roles of managers:

question

• Privacy (collecting, storing and disseminating information about individuals) • Accuracy (authenticity, fidelity and accuracy of information that is collected and processed) • Property (ownership and & value of information) • Accessibility to information (who should have access to information and whether they should have to pay for this access)

answer

Ethical issus in IS:

question

• Employers use URL filtering - software that blocks access to inappropriate websites • Employees have limited protection against surveillance at work; law generally support employers in this matter • More and more employers monitor employees' Internet usage • Employers can read employees' emails • Surveillance is legal

answer

Privacy at work:

question

• Recognize the ethical issue • Get the facts • Evaluate Alternatives • Make a Choice & test it • Reflect on your Decision

answer

Ethical decision making:

question

Profiling:

answer

• Using data to create a digitial dossier of an individual • Digital dossier - an electronic profile of an individual and his/her habits • Advances in IT makes it easier to profile individuals

question

Information system vulnerability:

answer

the possibility that an information resource will be lost or damaged

question

? Using social skills to trick or manipulate an employee to reveal confidential company infomation (e.g. passwords) ? Shoulder surfing ? Tailgating

answer

Social engineering techniques:

question

• Converting an original message into a form that can only be read by the intended receiver ? Public key encryption (asymmetric encryption) ? Digital Certificate • Sending a message: Sender encrypts the message wth the receiver's public key & the receiver decrypts the message using ther private key

answer

Encryption:

question

Unintentional:

answer

human errors, social engineering (unintentional on the side of the employee)

question

espionage or trespass, information extortion, sabotage or vandalism, theft of equipment or information, identity theft, compromises to intellectual property, software attacks, alien software, SCADA attacks, cyberterrorism or cyber warfare

answer

Deliberate threats:

question

Software attack from outside the system:

answer

Worm in a program performs a malicious action when a file is opened Virus attaches to a host computer without the owner knowing it Phishing attack (officially looking e-mail attempts to extort personal info) Spear phishing attack (phishing attack at a specific target)

question

Risk management:

answer

• Identify, control, and minimize the impact of threats • Three processes involved in risk management: ? Risk analysis Prioritize assets (probability x value) Compare cost of security breach vs. Cost of control ? Risk mitigation Organization takes concrete actions against risk Implement controls and develop recovery plan ? Controls evaluation

question

business environment

answer

the combination of social, legal, economic, physical, and political factors in which businesses conduct their operations.

question

business IT alignment

answer

the tight integration of the IT function with the strategy, mission, and goals of the organization

question

business processes

answer

related activities that produce a product or a service of value to the organization, its business partners, and or its customers

question

competitive advantage

answer

an advantage over competitors in some measure such as cost, quality, or speed; leads to control of a market and to larger-than-average profits

question

competitive forces model

answer

a business framework devised by Michael Porter that analyzes a competitiveness by recognizing five major forces that could endanger a company's position

question

digital divide

answer

the gap between those who have access to information and communications technology and those who do not

question

e-business

answer

buying and selling of goods and services as well as servicing customers, collaborating with business partners, and performing electronic transactions within and organization

question

electronic commerce (EC or e-commerce)

answer

the process of buying, selling, transferring, or exchanging products, services, or information via computer networks, including the internet

question

entry barrier

answer

product or service feature that customers expect from organizations in a certain industry; an organization trying to enter this market must provide this product or service at a minimum to be able to compete.

question

globalization

answer

the integration and interdependence of economic, social, cultural, and ecological facets of life, enabled by rapid advances in information technology

question

make-to-order

answer

the strategy of producing customized products and services

question

mass customization

answer

a production process in which items are produced in large quantities but are customized to fit the desires of each customer

question

organizational/individual social responsibility

answer

efforts by organizations to solve various social problems

question

primary activities

answer

business activities related to the production and distribution of the firm's products and services, thus creating value

question

strategic information systems (SISs)

answer

system that help and organization gain an competitive advantage by supporting its strategic goals and/or increasing performance and productivity.

question

Support activities

answer

Business activities that do not add value directly to firm's product or service under consideration but support the primary activities that do add value

question

value chain model

answer

model that shows the primary activities that sequentially add value to the profit margin; also shows the support activities

question

value system

answer

includes the producers, suppliers, distributors, and buyers all with their value chains

question

bit

answer

a binary digit-- that is 0 or 1

question

byte

answer

a group of eight bits that represents a single character

question

click stream data

answer

data collected about user behavior and browsing patterns by monitoring users activities when they visit a website

question

data mart

answer

a low-cost, scaled-down version of a data warehouse that is designed for the end-user needs in a strategic business unit or a department

question

data warehouse

answer

repository of historical data that are organized by subject to support decision makers in the organization

question

master data

answer

a set of core data, such as customer, product, employee, vendor, geographic location, and so on, that spans an enterprises information systems.

question

primary key

answer

the identifier field or attribute that uniquely identifies a record

question

query by example (QBE)

answer

database language that enables the user to fill out a grid to construct a sample or description of the data wanted

question

secondary key

answer

an identifier field or attribute that has some identifying information but typically does not identify the file with complete accuracy

question

affinity portal

answer

a web site that offers a single point of entry to an entire community of affiliated interest

question

backbone networks

answer

high-speed central networks to which multiple smaller networks (such as LANs and smaller WANs) connect

question

bandwith

answer

the transmission capacity of a network, stated in bits per second

question

broadband

answer

a transmission speed ranging from approximately one megabit per second up to several terabits per second

question

broadcast media

answer

wireless media

question

cable media

answer

wireline media

question

corporate portal

answer

a web site that provides a single point of access to critical business information located inside and outside of an organization

question

domain name

answer

the name assigned to an internet site, consisting of multiple parts, separated by dots, which are translated from right to left.

question

enterprise network

answer

an organizations network composed of interconnected multiple LANs and WANs

question

Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP)

answer

the communications standard used to transfer pages across the WWW portion of the internet; defines how messages are formulated and transmitted.

question

data mining

answer

the process of searching for valuable business information in a large database, data warehouse, and data mart

question

decision support system (DSS)

answer

business intelligence systems that combine models and data in an attempt to solve semistructured and some unstructured problems with extensive user involvement

question

geographic information system

answer

a computer-based systems for capturing, integrating, manipulating, and spilling data using digitized maps.

question

online analytical processing (OLAP)

answer

a set o capabilities for "slicing and dicing" data using dimensions and measures associated with the data

question

code of ethics

answer

a collection of principles that are intended to guide decision making by members of the organization

question

digital dossier

answer

an electronic description of you and your habits

question

information privacy

answer

the right to determine when, and to what extent, information about you can be gathered and/or communicated to others

question

opt -in model

answer

a model of informed consent that prohibits and entity from collecting any personal information unless the individual specifically authorizes it

question

opt-out model

answer

a model of informed consent that permits an entity to collect personal information unless the individual specifically requests that the data not be collected

question

access controls

answer

controls that restrict unauthorized individuals from using information resources and are concerned with user identification

question

alien software

answer

clandestine software that is installed on a computer through duplicitous methods.

question

back door

answer

typically a password, known only to the attacker, that allows the attacker to access the system without having to go through any security procedures

question

patent

answer

20 years

question

copy right

answer

7 years

question

SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition)

answer

large-scale, distributed, measurement and control systems used to monitor or to control chemical, physical, or transport processes.

question

secure socket layer (SSL)

answer

an encryption standard used for secure transactions such as credit card purchases and online banking.

question

social engineering

answer

getting around security systems by tricking computer users side and company into revealing sensitive information or gaining unauthorized access privileges

question

hot site

answer

a fully configured computer facility, with all information resources and services, communications links, and physical plant operations, that duplicates a company's computing resources and provide near real-time recovery of IT operations.

question

trade secrets

answer

intellectual work, such as business plan, that is a company secret and is not based on public information

question

tunneling

answer

a process that encrypts each data packet to be sent and places each encrypted packet inside another packet

question

virtual private network (VPN)

answer

a private network hat uses a public network (usually the internet) to securely connect users by using encryption

question

warm site

answer

a site that provides many of the same services and options of a hot site but does not include the company's application

question

whitelisting

answer

a process in which a company identifies acceptable software and permits it to run, and either prevents anything else from running or lets new software run in a quarantined environment until the company can verify its validity.

question

worm

answer

destructive computer code that replicates itself without requiring another program to provide a safe environment for replication

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