Cellular Respiration: Breaking Down Energy (Biology) – Flashcards
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What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
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To create cell energy (ATP)
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What happens to carbohydrates during cellular respiration?
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They are broken down and they release the energy. Its also used to combine ADP with another phosphate group to form ATP.
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What is chemical energy in cell called?
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ATP
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What is chemical energy in cell called?
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ATP
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What does ATP stand for?
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Adenosine triphosphate
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What is one product of cellular respiration?
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Carbon dioxide.
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How do animals get rid of carbon dioxide?
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Exhale
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What body system is involved with removing carbon dioxide?
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Lungs.
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Is oxygen a product or a reactant of respiration?
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Its a reactant.
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What is the formula for photosynthesis?
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6H2O + 6CO2 + energy = C6H12O6 + 6O2
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Where is photosynthesis located in the cell?
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Chloroplast.
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What is the formula for cellular respiration?
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C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6H20 + 6CO2 + energy.
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Where is cellular respiration located?
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Cytoplasm and mitochondria.
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Genetic alteration probably refers to altering what?
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DNA
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A calorie is what?
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Its a unit of energy.
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The calorie used on food labels is equal to what?
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Kilocalories.
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A calorie is referred to as what?
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A kilocalorie.
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Cells used the energy stored in chemical bonds of foods to produce compounds that directly power the cells activities, such as what?
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ATP
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If cellular respiration took place in just one step, most of the ____ would be lost in the form of light and _____
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energy and heat
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Where does cellular respiration begin?
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Glycolysis.
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Where does glycolysis take place in the cell?
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Cytoplasm.
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At the end of glycolysis, about ___ percent of the chemical energy is locked in the bonds of the _____ molecule.
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90 and pyruvic acid.
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Cellular respiration continues in the _____ of the cell with the ________ and electron transport chain.
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Mitochondria and Krebs Cycle.
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Do the energy flow in photosynthesis and cellular respiration occurs in the opposite direction?
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Yes (true)
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Do photosynthesis deposits energy in Earths "savings account" for living organisms?
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Yes (true)
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Cellular respiration removes carbon dioxide from the air. True or false?
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False- Oxygen.
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Does photosynthesis take place in nearly all life?
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No, cellular respiration does.
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What is the function of photosynthesis?
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To capture energy.
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Where is the location of reactions in photosynthesis?
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Cholorplasts
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What is the reactants to photosynthesis?
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Water and carbon dioxide.
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What are the products of photosynthesis?
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Glucose and oxygen.
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What is the function of cellular respiration?
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When organisms get energy from food when oxygen is present.
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What is the products of cellular respiration?
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Carbon dioxide, water, and energy.
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Why is it an investment for the cell to use two ATP at the beginning of glycolysis?
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You need energy to continue/start the cycle over and over. You get back more than you gain.
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What are 2 advantages of glycolysis?
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It doesnt require oxygen and its fast.
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True or false The pyruvic acid produced in glycolysis enters the ___chloroplasts__ if oxygen is present in a cell
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False. Its mitochondria.
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True or false. In the matrix, pyruvic acid is converted to __lactic__ acid before the Krebs Cycle begins?
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False. Acetic.
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Does the compound that joins with a 4-carbon molecule in the Krebs Cycle is called __acetyl-CoA__?
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Yes. (True)
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Is __carbon dioxide__ the only product of the Krebs cycle that is not reused or used in other stages of CR?
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Yes. (True)
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In eukaryotes, the ETC is composed of a series of electron carries located in the ___ of the mitochondrion.
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Inner.
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In prokaryotes, the ETC is in the ____
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Cell membrane.
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____ serves as the final electron acceptor of the ETC.
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Oxygen.
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____ and ____ pass high-energy electrons to the ETC
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NADH and FADH2
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The transfer of high-energy electrons down the ETC causes ____ to be transported across the mitochondrial membrane.
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H+ ions
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ATP synthases produce the force needed to add one _______ to each ADP molecule by spinning when hydrogen ions flow through them.
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Phosphate group.
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How many ATP molecules per glucose molecule does a cell gain from each of the 3 stages of CR?
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2- Glycolysis. 2- Krebs Cycle. 32- Electron Transport Chain.
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Besides glucose, what other kinds of molecules can be used to produce ATP in CR?
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Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins.
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Why is CR considered an efficient process?
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It doesnt require a lot of energy to create energy.
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Where does the heat that warms your body come from?
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The energy in glucose.
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Does glycolysis provide the pyruvic acid molecules used in fermentation?
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Yes. (True)
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Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue by procviding the NADPH needed to accept high-energy electrons. True or False?
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False. NAD+
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Fermentation is an aerobic process. True or False?
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Anaerobic.
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Fermentation occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell.
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Yes. (True)
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Alcoholic fermentation gives off carbon dioxide and is used in making bread.
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Yes. (True)
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Most organisms perform fermentation using a chemical reaction that converts pyruvic acid to lactic acid.
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Yes. (True)
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What are 3 main sources of ATP available for human muscle cells?
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ATP already in the muscles. ATP made by lactic acid fermentation. ATP produced by CR. (Cellular Respiration)
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How do your muscle cells produce ATP after the store of ATP in muscles is used?
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Muscles produce ATP by lactic acid fermentation.
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How does the body generate the necessary ATP?
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Cellular Respiration (CR)
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Anaerobic
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Without oxygen
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Glycolysis
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Process in which glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid.
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Krebs Cycle
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Stage of cellular respiration that starts with pyruvic acid and produces carbon dioxide.
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Calorie
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Amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree C.
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Matrix
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Innermost compartment of mitochondrion.
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Aerobic
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Has oxygen.
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Fermentation
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Process that forms either lactic acid or ethyl alcohol when no oxygen is present.
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What is the process that releases energy by breaking down food molecules in the presence of oxygen?
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Cellular respiration.
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What is the electron carrier that accepts electrons during glycolysis?
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NAD+
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When comparing CR and photosynthesis, these 2 processes are best described as what?
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Opposite processes.
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A cell that requires a lot of energy might contain large numbers of what?
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Mitochondria.
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Heterotrophs are organisms that____
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Must consume other organisms to get energy.
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ATP synthesis is linked to the development of a proton gradient. In order for energy synthesis to take place during cellular respiration, where in the cell do these protons accumulate?
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In the inner membrane of the mitochondria.
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In animal cells, which structure uses a specialized membrane to convert oxygen and nutrients into energy the cell can use?
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Mitochondria.
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Chemical energy stored in food molecules is released through___?
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Cellular respiration.
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Describe the transfer of energy between the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration.
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Oxygen and glucose are produced during photosynthesis and are used during cellular respiration to perform vital cellular functions.
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Many autotrophs obtain the energy they need for metabolism through___?
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Photosynthesis.
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What is one difference between plants and animals?
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Plants are autotrophs and animals are heterotrophs.
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Glycolysis occurs during the 2nd stage of cellular respiration. True or False?
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False.
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True or False. Most of a cells ATP is produced in the cells mitochondria.
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True.
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The mitochondria converts energy when___
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Glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide and water.
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In living things, energy is stored in the chemical bonds of ___ when glucose is converted into carbon dioxide.
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ATP
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What is a respiration rate when activity level is increased?
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Respiration rate increases as activity level increases.
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Reactions that take place in the mitochondria make which product?
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Carbon dioxide.
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The total amount of ATP that a cell gains for each glucose molecule depends on the presence of what?
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Oxygen.
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Cellular respiration produces more ATP molecules than fermentation does. True or False.
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True.
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Is oxygen present during aerobic respiration?
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No. False.
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What process happens in the mitochondria?
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It takes in nutrients, breaks them down and creates energy for the cell.
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What process happens in the mitochondria?
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It takes in nutrients, breaks them down and creates energy for the cell.
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What process happens in the mitochondria?
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It takes in nutrients, breaks them down and creates energy for the cell.
