Cell Growth & Division Study Guide – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Cell Division
answer
Process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells
question
Chromosome
answer
Threadlike structure of DNA. Two proteins that contain genetic information- in eukaryotes chromosomes are found in the nucleus, in prokaryotes they are found in the cytoplasm
question
Chromatin
answer
Substance found in eukaryote chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones
question
Cell Cycle
answer
- Series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for cell division, and divides to form two daughter cells
question
Interphase
answer
period of the cell cycle between cell divisions
question
Mitosis
answer
Part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides.
question
Cytokinesis
answer
Division of cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells
question
Prophase
answer
First and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and chromosomes become visable
question
Centromere
answer
Region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach
question
Chromatid
answer
Region of a chromosome where the two sister chromatids attach
question
Centriole
answer
Structure in an animal cell that helps organize cell division
question
Metaphase
answer
Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
question
Anaphase
answer
Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
question
Telophase
answer
Phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin
question
Cyclin
answer
One of a family of proteins that regulates the cell cycle in eukaryoric cells
question
Cancer
answer
disorder in which some of the body's cells lose the ability to control growth
question
Tumor
answer
mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue
question
Stem Cells
answer
Unspecialized cells that can give rise to one or more types of specialized cells
question
G1 Phase
answer
increases size of the cell, synthesis of organelles and proteins
question
S Phase
answer
DNA replication
question
G2 Phase
answer
Organelles and molecules required for cell division are made
question
M Phase
answer
the phase of the cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokinesis
question
Prophase I
answer
The first phase of meiosis I. the replicated chromosomes condense, homologous chromsomes pair up, crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes, the spindle is formed, and the nuclear envelope breaks apart into vesicles. the longest phase of meiosis.
question
Metaphase I
answer
The second phase of meiosis I. the paired homologous chromsomes (tetrads) align at the center of the cell (the metaphase plate).
question
Telophase I
answer
The fourth of meiosis I. the number of chromosoms is now reduced by half. After this phase the cell is considered to be haploid. Note however, that the chromosomes are still replicated, and the sister chromatids must still be separated during meiosis II.
question
Cytokinesis I
answer
The division of cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells. It occurs during telophase, but is not considered part of telophase
question
Prophase II
answer
The first phase of meiosis II. identical to the mitotic step, except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.
question
Metaphase II
answer
The second phase of meiosis II. identical to the mitotic step, except that the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis I.
question
Anaphase II
answer
The third phase of meiosis II. the sister chromatids are finally spearated at their centromeres and puled to opposite sides of teh cell. is identical to mitotic anaphase, excep the number of chromosmes was reduced by half during meiosis I.
question
Anaphase I
answer
The third phase of meiosis I. the replicated homologous chromosomes are separated (the tetrad is split) and pulled to opposite sides of the cell.
question
Telophase II
answer
The fourth and final phase of meiosis II. the number of chromosomes was reduced by half during meiosis. I.
question
Cytokinesis II
answer
Chromosomes divide into 4 gametes that each have single chromosomes and a new mix of genetic material.
