cell division, cancer and chemotherapy – Flashcards
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How many different types of cells are in the human body? 5 ex.
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Over 200 different type of cells. ex: skin cells, muscle cells, neurons, stomach cells ,plateletes
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Explain differentiation. How can cells perform different functions when they all have the exact same dna
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Differentiation is the process by which basic cells become more specialized to perform a specific function. Cells can perform different functions even if they have the exact same DNA by only using the instructions that are needed depending on their function.
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How do cell differentiation and cell division work together?
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Cell differentiation and cell division both work together by starting out with a somatic cell(basic cell) and cell differentiation gives it the specific instructions in the DNA to enable it to perform its function, then cell division comes in also known as mitosis, and it makes the cell with the whole package included with its function
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What are three circumstances where mitosis or cell division will occur?
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Growth and development, regeneration and replacement
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Do you think that cell types with shorter or longer life spans go through mitosis more often? explain your answer.
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cell types with shorter life spans go through mitosis more often because every time a cell dies it needs to be replaced.
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Whats the difference betwen somatic and germ cells? give example of each.
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somatic cells undergo mitosis and germ cells undergo meiosis.
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What is the major difference between the outcomes of mitosis and meiosis?
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mitosis only divides the cell into 2 and meiosis divides it into 4.
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What are the 3 goals of mitosis.
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replication, and segregation of DNA and cytokinesis
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Chemical substance exposure
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exposure to chemicals by eating, drinking, breathing or touching
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Pathogens
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microorganisms that can cause diseases.
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Radiation
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cancer treatment that damages or kills cancer cells
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Chemotherapy
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type of cancer treatment that uses drugs to destroy cells.
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Spontaneous mutations
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Random errors that occur in the DNA replication process
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Heredity
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passed from parents to offspring
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Carcinogens
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substances that can cause cancer
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Regulatory genes
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Gene involved in controlling the expressionn of one or more other genes
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Germ ells
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only cells that undergo meiosis
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somatic cells
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all cells that make up the body
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Replacement
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different cell types have different life spans. When a cell dies it must be replaced.
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Regeneration
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In some multicellular organisms, limbs or bodys parts can be regenrated through mitosis.
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mitosis
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A cell splits into 2 and both cells that are created are identicall meaning they have the exact same DNA
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Stem cells
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The basic cells that are activated to start dividing and producing specific proteins of the cell they will become.
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Differentiation
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process by which basic cells become more specialized to perform a specific function.
