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Uncle Tom's Cabin

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Popular book by Harriet Beecher Stowe focusing on the negatives of slavery. Million copies sold. Caused Northerners to protest Fugitive Slave Act. Southerners criticized the book.

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Cotton

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Chief export of the South

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Secession

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A formal withdrawal of states from a nation. December 1860, a special convention in SC voted to secede; FL, GA, AL, MI, LA, TX did the same; the 7 states met in Montgomery, AL and created the Confederate States of America; President was Senator Jefferson Davis, leader of the Confederacy.

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36'30 line

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set by the Missouri Compromise, all land south of it would be slave, all land north of it would be free

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Bleeding Kansas

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war between pro-slavery and anti-slavery forces in Kansas

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Wilmot Provisio

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Amendment that sought to prohibit slavery from territories acquired from Mexico. Introduced by Pennsylvania congressman David Wilmot. The failed Amendment ratcheted up tensions between North and South over the issue of slavery.

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Dred Scott Decision

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Ruled against Scott; stated that because he was property, he was unable to file for lawsuit and was property no matter where he went. This also eliminated the concept of a "free state."

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Pottowatamie Massacre

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John Brown and a gang of abolitionist zealots murdered five pro-slavery settlers north of the Pottowatamie Creek.

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Brooks/Sumner

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Brooks was a northern senator who was anti-slavery, while Sumner was a southern senator was was pro-slavery. In a heated debate on the floor of the Congress, Sumner went directly over to Brooks and beat him with his cane.

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Compromise of 1850

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1. California was a free state. 2. Gave popular sovereignty when it came to slavery to all new territories. 3. Fugitive Slave Act 4. Slave trade was banned in Washington, DC.

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Harper's Ferry

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John Brown's failed slave insurrection siege on Harper's Ferry that resulted in his execution and portrayal as a martyr by the abolitionists.

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Frederick Douglas

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The greatest African-American abolitionist, and an incredibly good orator. A freed slave, he escaped to Mass. in 1838, and spent two years lecturing in England. Writes an autobiography, and with the proceeds, purchases his freedom from his Maryland owner, and starts a abolitionist newspaper, North Star, in Rochester NY.

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John Brown

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In 1859, the militant abolitionist John Brown seized the U.S. arsenal at Harper's Ferry. He planned to end slavery by massacring slave owners and freeing their slaves. He was captured and executed.

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States' Rights

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belief that because the states created the United States, individual states have the power to nullify federal laws

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Economy of the South

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hot summers, longer,milder winters- longer growing season. Had large plantations on which they grew "cash crops" like tobacco, cotton, indigo and rice. Used indentured servants and later slaves to pick the massive fields full of cash crops.

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Economy of the North

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based on farming, fishing, merchandising, banking, and shipping using free labor. The Northern economy was much more diverse than the South.

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Underground Railroad

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Was a key to many African American's escape from the South. This informal but well organized network of abolitionists began to expand in the early 1830's and helped thousands of enslaved persons flee north. Conductors transported the slaves and led them to North America or Canada via secret routes using homes, caves and barns as rest spots on their journey to freedom.

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Harriet Tubman

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American abolitionist. Born a slave on a Maryland plantation, she escaped to the North in 1849 and became the most renowned conductor on the Underground Railroad, leading more than 300 slaves to freedom.

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Abolitionist

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A person who wanted to bring about the immediate end of slavery.

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Antislavery

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Opposed to the practice of slavery.

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Border Ruffian

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Missouri settlers who crossed into Kansas to influence the outcome of slavery issue in Kansas.

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Bushwhacker

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Missouri settlers who raided antislavery settlements in Kansas.

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Martyr

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One who chooses to suffer death rather than renounce his or her beliefs.

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Proslavery

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Supportive of the practice of slavery.

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What did some Northerners think of John Brown after he died?

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That he was a "Martyr" (someone who dies for his beliefs)

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Kansas-Nebraska Act

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Introduced by Stephen Douglas in 1854 in which Nebraska and Kansas became states and gave them right to chose to be a free or slave state through popular sovereignty. Led to "Bleeding Kansas".

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Popular sovereignty

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The power of the government is expressed by voting and free participation of the people in government.

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The Northern Lifestyle

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Factories Railroads Canals immigrant based free wages

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The Southern lifestyle

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Cash Crops Plantation System Trade with England Dependent on slavery and slave labor

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Tariffs

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These are taxes on goods brought into the country. The South felt that these tariffs were unfair because they taxed British goods coming into the nation, which caused them to spend more on imports.

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Secede

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To leave or withdraw from the Union- 11 Southern states did this and declared a new nation (The Confederate States of America)

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Fugitive Slave Act

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One part of the Compromise of 1850, this law stated that escaped slaves must be returned to masters even if they were in the North, and set harsh punishments for those assisting runaway slaves.

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Popular Sovereignty

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Let the people decide by State, on whether slavery should be allowed in territories through voting.

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South Carolina

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First state to secede/leave the Union in 1860.

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Give one reason why most southerners were upset about Lincoln's election in 1860.

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They thought Lincoln would abolish slavery, and Lincoln did not win a single southern state in the election, the south knew they had lost the balance of power.

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List three long standing causes of the Civil War.

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Slavery, states rights, Sectionalism

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Election of 1860

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Abraham Lincoln, the Republican candidate, won because the Democratic party in the South was split over slavery. As a result, the South no longer felt like it had a voice in politics and a 11 states seceded from the Union.

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Missouri Compromise

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Kept the balance in the senate which allowed Missouri to enter the union as a slave state, Maine to enter the union as a free state, prohibited slavery north of latitude 36˚ 30' within the Louisiana Territory (1821).

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Sectionalism

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This is the belief that your part of the country is more important than the needs of the rest.

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Slavery

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A system in which Africans were forced to work on the plantations or in households of another person. They were a group of people owned by others, they were considered property.

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William Lloyd Garrison

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Best known for the editor of the abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator. He promoted the idea of "immediate emancipation" of slaves in the United States.

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Crittenden Plan

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This last compromise on slavery proposed a constitutional amendment recognizing slavery in all territory south of 36 degrees 30 minutes latitude (the Missouri Compromise line), and an unalterable amendment protecting slavery in slave states. Never passed Congress and the Republicans rejected the plan.

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