Camp David Accords – Flashcards
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shuttle diplomacy (Nixon)
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going back and forth throughout the Middle East to weaken Soviet influence and negotiate
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Kissinger viewed Middle East as...
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a key component in Cold War conflict because peace in the region would undermine Soviet influence
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Kissingers meetings in Jerusalem, Cairo, and Damascus led to...
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the signing of Sinai I and II (1974, 1975)
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Kissingers meetings in Jerusalem, Cairo, and Damascus led to...
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the signing of Sinai I and II (1974, 1975)
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Sinai I and II
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-Israel would gradually move out of the Sinai
-UN forces would move in to act as a buffer between Egyptian and Israeli forces
-similar disengagement took place on the Golan Heights
-creates demilitarized zone
-UN forces would move in to act as a buffer between Egyptian and Israeli forces
-similar disengagement took place on the Golan Heights
-creates demilitarized zone
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Kissinger initiatives, however...
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failed to lead to any breakthrough in the peace process
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Kissinger refused to speak to PLO until...
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they accepted Resolution 242
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Arafat and PLO perceived by US as...
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ally to the Soviets and supportive of terrorist attacks
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1974- PFLP fedayeen attacked the village of Qiryat Shemona in Israel
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-18 Israelis died, including children
-more children died in an Israel-related hostage-taking incident
-more children died in an Israel-related hostage-taking incident
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Arab summit in Algiers following 1973 war made important decisions
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PLO sole representative of Palestinian people
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PLO becoming more moderate in that they are willing to accept a 2-state solution
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Peace could only be achieved through surrender of lands won by Israel in 1967 war
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Habash Rejectionist Front
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broke with PLO
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Nov. 1974- Arafat addressed the UN
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olive branch and gun: dont miss the opportunity for peace
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PLO and UN
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PLO given observer status
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US willing to support legitimate interests of Palestinians if...
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they accepted Resolution 242 and Israels right to exist
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trauma of near-defeat in 1973 war
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Israel more dependent than ever on US
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under Zionist pressure, the Rabin government (Israel)...
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accepted the first Israeli settlements in the West Bank (breaking international law)
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UN Resolution 1975
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condemns Zionism as racist
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1976- protests against Jewish settlements led to the death of 6 Palestinians
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-30 March became an annual day of protests against the settlements
-"Land Day"
-commemoration spread to Occupied Territories
-heightened sense of Palestinian nationalism
-"Land Day"
-commemoration spread to Occupied Territories
-heightened sense of Palestinian nationalism
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municipal election brought victory to the PLO and nationalist candidates
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Likud party (right-wing) replaces Labor Party of Ben-Gurion
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1976- Israeli commando raid freed Israel hostages in...
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Entebbe and Uganda
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Likud was rooted in religious extremist groups like the Irgun of the 1940s and...
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found support among the disadvantaged Sephardic community
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hardline policy
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all lands of Palestine given to them by God
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Israeli PM Menachem Begin
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-Polish
-Irgun fighter
-viewed all enemies as essentially anti-semitic
-strong defense policy
-Foreign Minister Moshe Dayan
-Irgun fighter
-viewed all enemies as essentially anti-semitic
-strong defense policy
-Foreign Minister Moshe Dayan
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Sharon responsible for settlements
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-within 25 years (1970s) close to 450,000 Jewish settlers in Palestinian occupied territories
-water resources of West Bank exploited by Israel
-water resources of West Bank exploited by Israel
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US President 1976
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Jimmy Carter
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Carter declared his support for...
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a Palestinian homeland
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US and Europe ruled that Israeli settlements...
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were illegal
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Sept. 1977- Sadat...
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addressed the Knesset in Tel Aviv, Israel
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Palestinians felt excluded in negotiations
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carried out attack on bus near Haifa and 37 Israelis were killed
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Carter now intervened in Egypt/Israeli talks
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invited Sadat and Begin to Camp David
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Moshe Dayan accompanied Begin
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Brezinski was Carters National Security advisor
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agreement is reached
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took 14 days
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Camp David Accords
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-formal peace treaty between Israel and Egypt
-Israel withdrew its forces fro Sinai
-Sinai handed back to Egypt
-Egypt received major financial aid from US
-Israel withdrew its forces fro Sinai
-Sinai handed back to Egypt
-Egypt received major financial aid from US
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Israel recognized legitimate rights of Palestinian people
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promised full autonomy after transitional period; vague and open ended
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Israel now able to focus on...
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PLO threat from Lebanon
