CA 110 Final Exam Review – Flashcards
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Which of the following options is the best reason to use visual aids?
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They help your audience understand and retain information.
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Which type of visual aid is useful with there is no presentation system available?
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Posters
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What characteristic should models use in speeches have?
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Be a look-alike or model of actual object
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Joe is a member of the Future Farmers of America (FFA), so for his demonstration speech he wanted to show his audience the proper way to groom and care for his prize-winning Holstein cattle. Instead of bringing a Holstein to class, what is the BEST visual Joe could use in his demonstration speech?
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Use a three-dimensional model of a Holstein along with the items he uses to groom the cattle when the actual object is too large to be easily used as a presentation aid for a speech.
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Which type of visual aid shows the contrast between two or more variables?
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Bar Graph
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What would be the best choice for a visual aid for informing the audience about the different types of tennis racquets?
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The actual objects
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Louise brought her flash drive containing her presentation. When she plugged it into the computer, she could not open her file. What should Louise have done?
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All of the following: Tested the equipment to ensure it would work. Asked what type of technology/software was available in the room. Proceeded with her speech, focusing on the message.
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Why would a line graph be used as a visual aid for a speech?
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To display trends and the relationship between two variables.
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When using a visual aid in a speech, the attention of the audience is directed toward the visual and not entirely on this speaker. This can help the speaker by:
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reducing anxiety.
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A _____ uses lenses and light to project an enlarged image on to a screen.
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projector
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Which one of the following organizational patterns is designed to show that one concept or approach is better than the other?
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Comparative advantage pattern
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A claim that two situations are similar, based on minor similarities between two cases when there are major differences being ignored is a ____.
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False analogy
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Which fallacy draws attention away from the real issues of a dispute by bringing up an irrelevant issue?
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Red herring.
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A person's sincerity, trustworthiness, and concern for the well-being of the audience is known as ______.
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character
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When speakers attempt to persuade without adequate evidence or use arguments that are misleading or unsound, they are using _____.
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a fallacy
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Claims of _____ assert that something is true or false or is or is not so.
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fact
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The last step of the motivated sequence is _____.
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action
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The willingness to forgive and forget, the desire to seek ways to better the world, and the ability to rise above pettiness is
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magnanimity
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The desires, drives, or needs that move a person toward a goal, perhaps away from some negative outcome, are known as
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motivations
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Logic and _____ used together can create a powerful persuasive speech
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credibility
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When outlining your speech, your sources should be included where?
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Both: in-text citation A reference or works cited page
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The delivery outline should _____.
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be brief and be prepared on 4x6 inch note cards
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In preparing your delivery outline, avoid writing complete sentence because
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you'll be tempted to read your outline AND you won't be successful in your delivery if your eye contact is limited.
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What types of sentences are used in a preparation outline?
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Short sentences and phrases
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Which objectives should be included in your outline?
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General purpose, specific purpose, thesis statement
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A _____ lists all of the components of the speech so the speaker can fill in the missing pieces to help build the speech from beginning to end.
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template
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What is a formal outline?
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A full-sentence, content plan of your speech ideas.
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In an outline, sub-points should easily be represented by:
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Arabic numbers (1., 2., 3.)
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_____ identify the support for the main point under each main point.
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Capital letters
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When creating your speaking notes, you should remember to _____.
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incorporate speaker's cues
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This kind of speech may be delivered in times of adversity to challenge the audience to be strong.
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a speech of inspiration
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This speech of celebration should be positive, communicating hope and joy.
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a commemorative speech
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One main purpose of a speech of introduction is to _____.
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present a speaker to an audience
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In an acceptance speech, you should _____.
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thank the people responsible for giving you the award
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In speeches of acceptance, the speaker should _____.
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talk about the personal significance and meaning of the award
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In this type of special occasion speech, you need to balance effective delivery with your emotional state.
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a eulogy
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A brief, accurate speech where the goals are to gain the attention of the audience and arouse interest in the speaker and his or her topic is _____.
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a speech of introduction
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At Donald's funeral, Patrick was asked to give the eulogy. In the eulogy, Patrick mentioned Donald's accomplishments in art, his loving devotion to his family, and how Donald got people to smile with the short stories or jokes he told. At the close of the eulogy, Patrick encouraged everyone to keep Donald in their memories and close to their heart. What guidelines did Pat follow in preparing this eulogy?
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Remember the specific achievements of the person, include personal information, and experiences, and show empathy for those who have assembled to pay their respects.
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This type if special occasion speech makes a serious point even though the purpose is to entertain.
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an after-dinner speech
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What are two criteria that are of importance when making a speech of introduction?
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Adapt to the audience and the speaker.
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Plagarism
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the act of using another's ideas or language as if its your own.
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Messages
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the information the sender and receiver send to each other. These messages can be verbal (talking) and/or nonverbal (a head nod).
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Sender
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the person who talks or sends messages (the encoder)
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Cognitive restucturing
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a strategy that helps you replace irrational thoughts with rational ones. for example, you can accomplish this by identifying negative self-statements and replacing them with positive statements.
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Feedback
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the information a receiver sends back to the sender to let the speaker know how well the message is being understood. feedback can be verbal or nonverbal
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Shared meaning
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both the sender and receiver have a similar understanding of the messages delivered in the communication
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Pandering
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merely telling an audience what you think they want to hear or indicating agreement with the audience on all issues when you really don't
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Visualization
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a technique used to help reduce communication apprehension by helping you create, or recreate sensations associated with your speaking experience
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Captive audience
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A situation where the people are required to attend a speech. Your classmates compose a captive audience, as do your colleagues if your boss requires them to attend a presentation
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Audience Demographics
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A demographic analysis is a technique used to draw inferences about your audience based on categories of information you have available. (age, gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity and cultural background, religion, groups)
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General Purpose
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to inform, to persuade, or to entertain.
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Informative Speeches
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define or describe something, or explain how something functions. Example: State of the Union Address
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Persuasive Speeches
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The primary goal is to get your audience to believe something, or do something, as a result of hearing your speech.
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Special Occasion and Entertainment Speeches
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make the audience relax, smile, and have a good time.
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Specific Purpose
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the topic that the speech is about
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Specific Purpose Statement
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Indicates explicitly what you hope to accomplish with your speech in a single declarative sentence.
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Extemporaneous Speaking
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speaking with carefully planning and practice, using brief notes to deliver a speech
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Manuscript speaking
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a presentation by reading a text which has been prepared in advance
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Memorized speaking
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A presentation from memory using a prepared written text that is repeated from memory
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Impromptu Speaking
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Speaking "off the cuff;" a casual speech delivered with little or no time for preparation
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Good delivery techniques
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speaking rate, pauses, volume, articulation, pitch, enunciation, eye contact, posture, movements and gestures, and appropriate appearance
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Pitch
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the highness or lowness of the tone of our voices. downward shift: confidence, decisiveness, or determination upward shift: surprise, questioning, suspense
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Rate
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Effective speeches are between 120 and 195 words per minute. Fast rates: excitement, surprise Slow rates: sadness, concern
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Verbal fillers
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words or phrases that are used during speaking, particularly public speaking, to fill in a moment of silence between connecting thoughts or ideas
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Vivid language
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Words that you can "see," "touch," "smell," and "hear." Will have more of an impact on the audience
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Appreciative Listening
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A type of listening Listening as we do for pleasure; stand-up comedy, music
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Empathic Listening
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A type of listening Provides emotional support for the speaker; listening to the problems of a friend
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Comprehensive Listening
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A type of listening Involves listening for understanding of the message; classrooms, meetings
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Critical Listening
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A type of listening What we engage in when evaluating a message for the purpose of accepting or rejecting it; persuasive speeches, sales pitch, political campaign.
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Thesis Statement
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An idea presented in a single sentence that reveals the core idea of a speech
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Supporting material
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Information that expands on the main and sub points. it is meant to explain the point, provide an illustration or example of the point, and/or provide evidence as proof of an argument made by the point.
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Follow-up questions
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secondary questions asked in an interview to expand on a primary question
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Clearinghouse questions
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Asks the interviewee to talk about something you failed to ask.
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Periodical databases
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provide access to articles from newspapers, popular magazines, and scholarly journals
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General Database
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cover a wide range of topics and periodicals. Examples: Academic Search Complete, Lexis/Nexis, Academic OnFile, Proquest Newsstand
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Special Databases
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helps you find specialized information examples: CQ Researcher, Points of View Reference Center, Opposing Viewpoints
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Open-ended Questions
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Designed to encourage a full, meaningful answer using the subject's own knowledge and/or feelings.Q
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Closed-ended Questions
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Encourages a short, single-worded answer
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Search Engines
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finds material on the internet that you request related to a key word(s) based on what you type in the search box Examples: Google, Yahoo, academicinfo.net, allacademic.com, pictures.com
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Key Word Searches
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to get narrower results, use key words to specify your topic
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Subject Searches
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topic areas such as business and econ, health, news, science, etc.
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Informative Speech
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A presentation intended to help an audience gain an understanding
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Speeches of definition
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type of informative speech used to clarify the meaning of a word
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Speech of Explanation
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type of informative speech useful when trying to clarify complicated concepts, abstract concepts, or unfamiliar concepts
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Speeches of Description
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a type of informative speech Designed to provide a clear picture of a person, place, or event
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Appropriate number of main points for a speech
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2-4; too few: no substance too many: overwhelming Consider purpose and time limits
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Function of the Introduction
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Gain audience's attention Ties relevance to audience Establishes credibility Thesis statement Previews main ideas
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Function of the Conclusion
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Signifies Closure Summarizes key ideas Reiterates relevance to audience Creates memorable ending
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Casual Pattern
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Type of organizational pattern shoes the cause and effect of a situation or phenomena
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Chronological Pattern
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Type of organizational pattern Organizes main points based on time, sequence, or steps
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Problem-solution pattern
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type of organizational pattern establishes a problem or dilemma and offers an answer or fix to the problem or issue
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Topical Pattern
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type of organizational pattern divides thesis into subtopics or categories
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Spatial Pattern
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type of organizational pattern Arranges information based on physical space, direction, or location
