business ethics ferguson – Flashcards
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The practice should continue in cultures where it is socially approved
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If ethical relativism is correct, which is the correct response to polygamy?
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Some cultures do not have consistent beliefs about what is right.
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Which would make it impossible for ethical relativists to determine what is right?
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Act only on rules that can be consistently universalized
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Which provides the best expression of Kant's famous categorical imperative?
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The golden rule appears to allow immortal acts such as adultery
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Which objection does Kant raise against the traditional Golden Rule?
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A world of liars is morally inconsistent
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Which moral objection to lying is based on the categorical imperative?
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Promises would be impossible if no one in the world kept them
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Which defense of keeping one's promises is most clearly Kantian?
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The right act is the one that promotes an agent's own long term interests
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Which statement provides the best description for the moral view known as egoism?
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Themselves and no one else
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For which group do egoists acknowledge or recognize moral obligations?
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Ethical egoists are never honest, generous, or gracious
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Which statement draws an incorrect conclusion about ethical egoists?
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There is no such thing as a truly unselfish act
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Which statement best captures the basic idea of psychological egoism?
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Assisting the poor gave Hobbes some personal satisfaction
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Which moral justification did Hobbes, as an egoist, give for helping a beggar?
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Maximize happiness or pleasure for the affected group as a whole
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Which is the moral standard of the ethical theory known as utilitarianism?
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200 units of pleasure with 50 units of pain
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Which of the following results would be favored by utilitarian ethics?
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The cannibalism produced more pleasure than alternative choices
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Which of the following defenses of an act of cannibalism is utilitarian?
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Almost any action could be right given the proper circumstances
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Which statement is true on the most reasonable interpretation of utilitarian ethics?
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Utilitarianism places too much stress on the group over the individual
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Which complaint is most legitimately raised against classic utilitarian ethics?
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Unlike Kant's ethics, utilitarians judge actions by their consequences
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Which constitutes a major difference between Kant's ethics and utilitarianism?
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The power to force citizens to sell their property for public use
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Which defines the state's constitutional power known as eminent domain?
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One can be forced to sell to other private citizens, if the property is upgraded
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Which ruling about eminent domain was passed in Kelo vs. New London (2005)?
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Nestle's use of the water was not in connection with the land
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Which argument was used to oppose Nestle's bottled water operation in Michigan?
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Always take the distribution that maximizes happiness for the economy
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Which general principal is used by utilitarians for economic distribution?
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10,000,000/200/5,000,000
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Which distribution would be selected by Mill, where entries are units of pleasure?
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Protection from harm by other citizens and foreign enemies
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According to libertarians, which is the only legitimate function of government?
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The right not to be murdered
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Which of the following entitlements is considered a negative right?
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Requirement that drivers use a seat belt when in motion
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Which of he following traffic regulations is most clearly paternalistic?
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The right to life / right to air ; water
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Which would the citizens demand to keep under Hobbe's classic contract?
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A hypothetical state where the rules for a just society are formulated
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Which most accurately describes what John Rawls means by the original position?
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Acting from self interest but without bias toward any social group
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Which is the best description of those behind Rawl's veil of ignorance?
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Political rights should be distributed to everyone to the same degree
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Which best describes the first of Rawl's two principles for a just society?
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Every right should be given that can be consistently given to everyone
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Which standard is used by John Rawls for the distribution of political rights?
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Select the distribution that does the best for those at the bottom
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Which statement most accurately describes Rawl's maximin principle?
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1,000,000/500,000/300,000
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Which economic distribution would be selected by Rawl's maximin principle?
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The utility of one additional unit of some good
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Which best defines the economic concept of marginal utility?
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$10.00
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If added to the following sums, in which case does $1 have the highest marginal utility?
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Utilitarians focus only on the total income, ignoring individual shares
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Which criticism of Mill's utilitarian distribution is offered by John Rawls?
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Damages to burn victims cost less than the repair costs
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Why did Lee Iacocca decide not to add a safety bar to his Ford Pinto?
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Ethical egoism
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Which moral theory can most clearly justify Iacocca's management decision?
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Workers get whatever they earn under the rules governing the competition
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Which best describes the actual process of distribution in a capitalist economy?
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Money concentrated in a few families over generations leads to mal-distribution
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Which is the classic economic justification under capitalism for the inheritance tax?
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Inheritance should be abolished with a few exceptions such as one's spouse
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Which best describes the general attitude of D.W. Haslett toward inheritance?
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For social purposes, the corporation itself is considered a legal person
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Which feature is the most distinctive characteristic of corporations?
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We own our bodies and any property produced by our own sweat
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Which best describes John Locke's classic theory of private property?
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The common good is served when all seek their self-interest
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Which is the best description of Adam Smith's so-called invisible hand?
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Our laws should be grounded on best available ethical standards
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Which best describes the proper relationships between ethics and law?
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Whatever you feel is right is right
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Subjectivism which is?
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Any action, even killing children
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Divine Command theory is correct which results would follow?
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Practice should be continued when it is socially approved
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If ethical relativism is correct what is correct response to plagiary (more than one wife)
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Helping the beggar will give personal satisfaction
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Which moral justification did Hobb for helping the beggar
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Mr. Smith action is motived by genuine optimism
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Which of the following will prove this view wrong?
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Prevents duties, doesn't require stuff
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What Kant said against the golden rule?
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Following golden rule will make you a victim of your enemy
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Which criticism of Nechia
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Respecting privacy will bring more pleasure to the whole group
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Which reason to hacking Harvard is closely utilitartian?
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Utiliatism whether an action right is determines consequence
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Meta-ethical: compare utilitarism to Kantian which correct about consequences
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"by directing that industry in such a manner ... lead by an invisible hand" under capitalism we're all selfish and want to get as big of a wage as we can. -but if you set it up correctly, an invisible hand will help set good wages and costs -no one would want to take a smaller share and no one would tolerate someone having a bigger share. All have equal power, all have "fair" result, even though no one in the group is trying to be fair.
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Adam Smith's invisible hand
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Laws may permit unethical actions such as genocide
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Which best indicates that ethical standards and laws are not identical?
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Water contains more hydrogen than oxygen
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Which of the following is most clearly an objective statement or claim?
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X could be right for some but wrong for others
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If subjectivism is correct, which would follow a moral action X?
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You are obligated to do X only if you consented to X in a contract
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Which describes your moral obligations under a contractarian theory of ethics?
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An act X may be right in some cultures but not in others
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If ethical relativism were the correct theory, which result would follow?
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Laws should be tied to the best available ethical standards.
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Which describes the most suitable relationship between ethics and the law?
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