Business Ethics Ch4. – Flashcards

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Ethics are primarily based on religious beliefs.
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False
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Ethical ideas are present in all societies, all organizations, and all individual persons.
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True
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If all people relied on ethical relativism, there would be no universal ethical standards on which people around the globe could agree.
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True
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Business must develop its own definition of what is right and wrong, apart from ethics.
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False
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Being ethical includes developing a sense of trust, which promotes positive alliances among business partners.
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True
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Business cannot expect to be profitable while adhering to ethical principles of conduct.
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False
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The U.S. Corporate Sentencing Guidelines provide a strong incentive for businesses to promote their ethics at work.
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True
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The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that firms maintain good financial practices, apart from high ethical standards, in how they conduct and monitor business operations.
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False
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Employees would rather work for companies who promote their personal values.
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True
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An ethical egoist acts for the benefit of others and sacrifices self-interest.
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False
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Only in the last few years have scholars found a positive relationship between an organization's economic performance and attention to spiritual values.
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False
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Managers in the same company are likely to be at the same stages of moral reasoning at any given time.
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False
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For managers who reason at stages 2 and 3, their personal rewards, recognition from others, or compliance with the company's rules become their main ethical compass.
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True
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According to utilitarian reasoning, an action is ethically preferred when its benefits outweigh its costs.
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True
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Business managers should use all four methods of ethical reasoning - virtues, utility, rights and justice - to better understand ethical issues at work.
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True
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A conception of right and wrong is:
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The definition of ethics.
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People's ethical beliefs come from:
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Their religious background, family, and education.
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People everywhere depend on ethical systems to tell them whether their actions are:
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Right or wrong
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Businesses are expected to be ethical in their relationships with:
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All of the Above: - Stockholders. - Customers. - Competitors
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Why should business be ethical?
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All of the Above: - Most people want to act in ways that are consistent with their own sense of right and wrong. - Ethical behavior protects business firms from abuse by unethical employees and competitors. - Society's stakeholders expect it from businesses.
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Business executives are finding that a trusting, ethical relationship with a business partner is:
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Often essential in conducting business.
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Under the U.S. Corporate Sentencing Guidelines, if a firm has developed a strong ethics program, corporate executives found guilty of criminal activity may have their sentence:
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Reduced.
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Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, corporations are required to:
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Have executives vouch for the accuracy of a firm's financial reports.
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The Sarbanes-Oxley Act:
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Requires executives to pay back bonuses based on earnings that are later proved fraudulent.
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In a 2010 study of 400 companies, what percentage of firms said the benefits of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act outweighed its costs?
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70%
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A bottom-line mentality in business is reflected in which statement?
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"We have to beat the others at all costs."
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A purchasing agent directing her company's orders to a firm which she received a valuable gift, is an example of:
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Conflict of interest.
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Cross-cultural contradictions arise due to:
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Differences between home and host countries' ethical standards.
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Which of the following examples best illustrate an ethics issue based on cross-cultural contradictions?
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Legally marketing a pesticide abroad that has been banned in the U.S.
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As business becomes increasingly global:
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Cross-cultural contradictions will increase.
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According to a 2009 opinion poll, Americans hold a dim view of:
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Wall Street executives.
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Scholars found that spirituality:
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Positively affects employee and organizational performance.
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As an additional employee benefit to promote spirituality, companies have begun to provide employees with the services of:
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Chaplains.
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Which statement characterizes the moral reasoning typically found in a child?
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"I'll let you play with my toy if I play with yours."
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Mature adults typically base their ethical reasoning on broad principles and relationships such as:
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Both A;B - Human rights and constitutional guarantees of human dignity. - Universal principles of justice.
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All of the following values are present in most ethical decisions except:
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Be respectful.
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Business managers need a set of ethical guidelines to help them:
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Identify and analyze the nature of ethical problem.
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Aristotle argued:
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Moral virtue is a mean between two virtues.
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When the benefits of an action outweigh its costs, the action is considered ethically preferred according to:
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Utilitarian reasoning.
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Utilitarian reasoning primarily considers:
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The end results of an action.
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The main drawback to utilitarian reasoning is that:
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It is difficulty to accurately measure both costs and benefits.
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At the core of rights reasoning is the belief that:
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Respecting others is the essence of human rights.
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Which of the following is not true about justice reasoning?
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The reasoner is interested in the net value of benefits.
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A just or fair ethical decision occurs when:
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Benefits and burdens are distributed equally.
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The reason(s) behind the uncertainty of an ethical or unethical decision is (are) that different people and groups:
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All of the Above: - May honestly and genuinely use different sources of information. - May rank various rights in different ways. - May not share the same meaning of justice.
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The reason(s) behind the uncertainty of an ethical or unethical decision is (are) that different people and groups:
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All of the Above: - May honestly and genuinely use different sources of information. - May rank various rights in different ways. - May not share the same meaning of justice.
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The reason(s) behind the uncertainty of an ethical or unethical decision is (are) that different people and groups:
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All of the Above: - May honestly and genuinely use different sources of information. - May rank various rights in different ways. - May not share the same meaning of justice.
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