Business Ethics Ch. 2 – Normative Theories of Ethics – Flashcards
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______________ are Situations involving conflict between ethical principles or normative priorities
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ethical dilemmas
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Those that determine the moral rightness or wrongness of an action based on the action's consequences or results are _______________
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consequentialist theories
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Those that determine the moral rightness or wrongness of an action based on the action's intrinsic features or character are ____________
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Nonconsequentialist (or deontological) theories
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______ is The view that morality coincides with the self-interest of an individual or an organization.
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Egoism
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______ egoists: Pursue their own self-interest but do not make the universal claim that all individuals should do the same.
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Personal
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________ egoists: Claim that the pursuit of one's self-interest should motivate everyone's behavior.
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Impersonal
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____________ is the The moral theory that we should act in in ways that produce the most pleasure or happiness for the greatest number of people affected by our actions.
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Utilitarianism
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___________ & __________ are the main representative of utilitarianism
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Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill
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_____________ is The main promoter of classical capitalism who argued that society can flourish if businesses are left to freely pursue their self-interests.
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Adam Smith
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___________ was A German philosopher with a nonconsequentialist approach to ethics.
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Immanuel Kant
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Universal acceptability and Humanity as an end, never as a means are two formulations of ___________
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Kan't Ethics
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____________ was a British scholar who held that our moral experiences are too complex to be reduced to the principle of utility or the categorical imperative
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W. D. Ross
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_________ is something that can be overridden by a more important duty in specific circumstances
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Prima facie obligation
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Duties of fidelity. Duties of reparation. Duties of gratitude. Duties of justice. Duties of beneficence. Duties of self-improvement. Duties not to injure others.
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7 basic prima facie obligations
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Human rights are universal. Human rights are applied equally to all. Human rights are inalienable and not transferable. Human rights are natural in that they do not depend on human institutions
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key features of human rights
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_______________ are those that reflect the vital interests that humans have in being free from outside interference (such as the freedom of speech, assembly, religion, etc.)
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Negative rights
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_________ are those that reflect the vital interests that humans have in receiving certain benefits (such as the right to education, medical care, equal job opportunity, etc.)
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Positive rights
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_________ says that the utilitarian standard should be applied not to individual actions but to moral codes as a whole.
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Rule utilitarianism
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the ___________ takes into account what rules can be reasonably taught and obeyed as well as the costs of teaching those rules to people
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optimal code
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_______ two-step approach to moral decision making: 1. Identify the relevant considerations involved - obligations, ideas, and effects. 2. Determine which of these considerations deserve emphasis in the situation at hand.
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V. R. Ruggiero's
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_______ two-step approach to moral decision making: 1. Identify the relevant considerations involved - obligations, ideas, and effects. 2. Determine which of these considerations deserve emphasis in the situation at hand.
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V. R. Ruggiero's
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_______ two-step approach to moral decision making: 1. Identify the relevant considerations involved - obligations, ideas, and effects. 2. Determine which of these considerations deserve emphasis in the situation at hand.
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V. R. Ruggiero's
