question

Hardware

answer

the physical tools and equipment used to collect, input, store, organize, and process data and to distribute information

question

Software

answer

programs that provide instructions to a computer so that it can perform a desired task

question

System software

answer

software that performs the critical functions necessary to operate the computer at the most basic level

question

The graphical user interface (GUI) allows users to

answer

enter commands by clicking on icons on the computer screen or by tapping or swiping them on devices with a touch screen

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Utility programs supplement

answer

operating system software in ways that increase the security or abilities of the computer system

question

Applications software

answer

software that helps a user perform a desired task

question

Internet

answer

the worlds largest computer network of computer networks all operating under a common set of rules that allow them to communicate with each other

question

Broadband internet connection

answer

an internet connection that is capable of transmitting large amounts of information very quickly

question

Internet2 (I2)

answer

a new high-tech internet with access limited to a consortium of member organizations (and other organizations these members sponsor). I2 utilizes technologies that give it a speed and capacity far exceeding the current internet

question

Intranet

answer

a private network that has to look and feel of the internet and is navigated using a web browser, but which limits access to a single firm's employees (or a single organization's members)

question

Extranet

answer

an intranet that allows limited access to a selected group of stakeholders, such as suppliers or customers

question

Cloud computing

answer

the use of internet-based storage capacity, processing power, and computer applications to supplement and replace internally owned information technology resources

question

Data

answer

raw, unprocessed facts and figures

question

Information

answer

data that have been processed in a way that make them meaningful to their user

question

Database

answer

a file consisting of related data organized according to a logical system and stored on a hard drive or some other computer-accessible media

question

High-quality information

answer

Accurate, Relevant, Timely, Understandable, and Secure

question

Decision support system

answer

(DSS) a system that gives managers access to large amounts of data and the processing power to convert these data into highly-quality information, thus improving the decision-making process

question

Business intelligence system

answer

a sophisticated form of decision support system that helps decision makers discover information that was previously hidden

question

Data warehouse

answer

a large, organization-wide database that stores data in a centralized location

question

Data mining

answer

the use of sophisticated statistical and mathematical techniques to analyze vast amounts of data to discover hidden patterns and relationships, thus creating valuable information expert system

question

Expert system

answer

(ES) a decision-support system that helps managers make better decisions in an area where they lack expertise

question

Business-to-consumer (B2C) e-commerce

answer

e-commerce in which businesses and final consumers interact

question

Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce

answer

e-commerce in markets where businesses buy from and sell to other businesses

question

Viral marketing

answer

an internet marketing strategy that tries to involve customers and others not employed by the seller in activities that help promote the product

question

Cybermediary

answer

an internet-based firm that specializes in the secure electronic transfer of funds

question

Electronic bill presentment and payment

answer

a method of bill payment that makes it easy for the customer to make a payment, often by simply clicking on a payment option contained in an email

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E-marketplace

answer

a specialized internet site where buyers and sellers engaged in business-to-business e-commerce can communicate and conduct business

question

Radio frequency identification (RFID)

answer

a technology that stores information on small microchips that can transmit the information when they are within range of a special reader

question

Malware

answer

a general term for malicious software, such as spyware, computer viruses, and worms

question

Spyware

answer

software that is installed on a computer without the user's knowledge or permission for the purpose of tracking the user's behavior

question

Computer virus

answer

computer software that can be spread from one computer to another without the knowledge or permission of the computer users by attaching itself to emails or other files

question

Worms

answer

malicious computer software that, unlike viruses, can spread on its own without being attached to other files

question

Spam

answer

unsolicited email advertisements usually sent to vary large numbers of recipients, many of whom have no interest in the message

question

Phishing

answer

a scam in which official-looking emails are sent to individuals in an attempt to get them to divulge private information such as passwords, usernames, and account numbers

question

Pharming

answer

a scam that seeks to steel identities by routing internet traffic to fake websites

question

Hackers

answer

a skilled computer user who uses his or her expertise to gain unauthorized access to the computer (or computer systems) of others, sometimes with malicious intent

question

Firewalls

answer

software and/or hardware designed to prevent unwanted access to a computer system

question

Ethical and legal issues

answer

Personal privacy, Protecting intellectual property rights, and Intellectual property

question

Intellectual property

answer

property that is the result of creative or intellectual efforts, such as books, music works, inventions, and computer software

question

Operations management

answer

managing all of the activities involved in creating value by producing goods and services and distributing them to customers

question

Efficiency

answer

producing output or achieving a goal at the lowest cost

question

Effectiveness

answer

using resources to create value by producing customers with goods and services that offer a better relationship between price and perceived benefits

question

Goods

answer

tangible products

question

Durable goods are expected to last

answer

three years or longer

question

Nondurable goods are

answer

used up more quickly and are often perishable

question

Services

answer

intangible products

question

The goal of this mass production strategy was to

answer

achieve reductions in average cost by taking advantage of specialization and the efficient use of capital

question

Mass customization

answer

the production of small quantities of customized goods and services that more precisely meet the needs of specific customers

question

Process

answer

a set of related activities that transform inputs into outputs, thus adding value

question

Inventories

answer

stocks of goods or other items held by organizations

question

Benefits of holding larger inventories include

answer

Smoother production schedules, Protection against stock-outs and lost sales, and Reduced ordering costs

question

But holding their larger inventories involves costs as well as benefits:

answer

Tied-up funds, Additional holding costs, and Increased risk

question

Critical path method (CPM)

answer

a project management tool that illustrates the relationships among all the activities involved in completing a project and identifies the sequence of activities likely to take the longest to complete

question

Immediate predecessors

answer

activities in a project that must be completed before some other specified activity can begin

question

Critical path

answer

the sequence of activities in a project that is expected to take the longest to complete

question

Value chain

answer

the network of relationships that channels the flow of inputs, information, and financial resources through all of the processes directly or indirectly involved in producing goods and services and distributing them to customers

question

A value chain is a broader concept; in addition to the supply chain, it includes

answer

activities and processes involved in acquiring customers - such as contract negotiations and customer financing - as well as activities and processes involved in keeping customers by providing services after the sale, such as performing warranty repairs, offering call center assistance, and helping customers recycle used goods

question

One of the most important issues that operations managers examine when they design value chains is

answer

the trade-off between vertical integration and outsourcing

question

Virtual integration

answer

performance of processes internally that were previously performed by other organizations in a supply chain

question

Outsourcing

answer

arranging for other organizations to perform supply chain functions that were previously performed internally

question

Offshoring

answer

moving production or support processes to foreign countries

question

enterprise resource planning (ERP)

answer

software-based approach to integrate an organization's (and in the sophisticated versions, a value chain's) information flows

question

ERP drawbacks

answer

Complex, Expensive, and difficult to implement

question

Servicescape

answer

the environment in which a customer and service provider interact

question

The design of servicescape centers on three types of factors:

answer

ambience, functionality; and signs, symbols, and artifacts

question

automation

answer

replacing human operation and control of machinery and equipment with some form of programmed control

question

robot

answer

a reprogrammed machine that is capable of manipulating materials, tools, parts, and specialized devices in order to perform a variety of tasks

question

computer-aided design (CAD)

answer

drawing and drafting software that enables users to create and edit blueprints and design drawings quickly and easily

question

computer-aided engineering (CAE)

answer

software that enables users to test, analyze, and optimize their designs

question

computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)

answer

software that takes electronic design for a product and creates the programmed instructions that robots must follow to produce as efficiently as possible

question

computer-aided design/ computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)

answer

a combination of software that can be used to design output and send instructions to automated equipment to perform the steps needed to produce this output

question

computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM)

answer

a combination of CAD/CAM software with flexible manufacturing systems to automate almost all steps involving in designing, testing, and producing a product

question

total quality management (TQM)

answer

an approach to quality improvement that calls for everyone within an organization to take responsibility for improving quality and emphasizes the need for a long-term commitment to continuous improvement

question

poka-yokes

answer

simple methods incorporated into a production process designed to eliminate or greatly reduce errors

question

six sigma

answer

an approach to quality improvement characterized by very ambitious quality goals, extensive training of employees, and long-term commitment to working on quality-related issues

question

Baldrige National Quality Program

answer

a national program to encourage American firms to focus on quality improvement

question

ISO 9000

answer

a family of generic standards for quality management systems established by the International Organization for Standardization

question

Lean production

answer

an approach to production that emphasizes the elimination in waste in all aspects of production processes

question

Just-in-time (JIT) production

answer

a production system that emphasizes the production of goods to meet actual current demand, thus minimizing the need to hold inventories of finished goods and work in process at each stage of the supply chain

question

ISO 14000

answer

a family of generic standards for environmental management established by the International Organization for Standardization

question

Hardware consists of computer programs that provide instructions to a computer, so that it can perform a desired task

answer

false

question

utility programs are supplemental operating system software programs, such as firewalls, spam blockers, and other security software

answer

true

question

application software is the software that helps users perform desired tasks

answer

true

question

the internet is a network of networks, consisting of hundreds of thousands of smaller networks, operating under a common set of rules, so each can communicate with the others

answer

true

question

operating systems perform tasks such as managing the computer's file system and allocating computer memory among various applications

answer

true

question

a query is a request for the database management software to search for data that matches specific criteria

answer

true

question

one of the main advantages of expert systems is that they are easy and inexpensive to develop

answer

false

question

E-commerce refers to using the internet to facilitate the exchange of goods and services

answer

true

question

B2C e-commerce refers to online business trades between companies

answer

false

question

B2B e-commerce consists of markets where businesses buy from and sell to other businesses

answer

true

question

Operations management is concerned with all of the activities involved in creating goods and services and distributing them to customers

answer

true

question

Goods are considered tangible, while services are considered intangible

answer

true

question

Efficiency refers to the goal of using resources to create the greatest value

answer

false

question

Operations managers attempt to use effective and efficient methods to produce the right goods and services in the right quantities and distribute them to the right customers at the right time

answer

true

question

When selling intangible products, quality is based mainly on customer perceptions

answer

true

question

Flow shop process is a production process that uses specialized machinery and equipment to produce a large quantity of a specific good very efficiently

answer

true

question

Inventory is not typically finished goods

answer

false

question

Gantt charts are used to illustrate the mix of product lines a firm includes in its overall product mix

answer

false

question

_ are consumed when and where they are produced, and they often require the customer to be actively involved in their production

answer

services

question

In operations management, _ means completing tasks or producing products that create the greatest value

answer

effectiveness

business ch. 16 and 17 – Flashcards

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