BSC 1005 Exam 2 – Flashcards

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question
What pattern of inheritance occurs when a light blue-colored flower results from a cross between a dark blue-colored flower and a white-colored flower?
answer
incomplete dominance
question
What parental blood type would not be able to produce a child with type O blood?
answer
AB
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A woman with type AB blood and a man with type O blood have a child. Which type of blood could the child have?
answer
type A or type B
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In which group can sex-linked traits be expressed?
answer
either males or females
question
In humans, the allele for red-green color blindness is X-linked and recessive (Xr; the dominant allele is called XR). A man with normal color vision marries a color-blind woman who gives birth to a color-blind daughter. What can be inferred from this information?
answer
The man is probably NOT the father of the daughter.
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In humans, what ordinarily determines the sex of the offspring?
answer
sex chromosome carried by the sperm cell
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Tanya is a carrier of the X-linked recessive trait red-green colorblindness. True or false: Tanya has normal color vision.
answer
true
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What information can be inferred about Queen Victoria based on a pedigree of the British royal family?
answer
She inherited a mutation in a blood-clotting allele.
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On a pedigree chart, what symbol would represent a son who is affected by a genetic disorder?
answer
a shaded square
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Why must DNA fragments be denatured during the polymerase chain reaction?
answer
The primer must bind to a single-stranded template to synthesize double-stranded DNA.
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A DNA fingerprint of a suspect doesn't match a DNA fingerprint from a blood sample taken at a crime scene. What can you conclude?
answer
The blood came from a different person, but the suspect may have been there.
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On what basis does gel electrophoresis separate DNA segments?
answer
length
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Prince Philip is a descendant of the Tsarina Alexandra's sister. Which of the DNA fingerprints from the bodies exhumed would have similarities to Prince Philip's DNA fingerprint, if those in the grave were indeed the Romanovs?
answer
only the DNA fingerprints of the tsarina and all of the children
question
What sequence of events usually occurs in the process of protein synthesis?
answer
DNA → RNA → protein
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Which molecule serves as the template during translation?
answer
mRNA
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Which structure always contains three nucleotides?
answer
an anticodon
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A point mutation results in the incorporation of a new amino acid in a protein. Which structure(s) would most likely result?
answer
an altered protein, which could result in a genetic disease
question
What sequence of mRNA is made from the gene TTACAGGTCC?
answer
AAUGUCCAGG
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Due to a single nucleotide change, the template DNA sequence TTCCGCACC changes to TTTCGCACC. True or false: The protein produced will be nonfunctional.
answer
false
question
Which two sticky ends would form bonds to make a recombinant plasmid?
answer
GGATTC CCTAAG
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What happens right after a recombinant plasmid is made during the cloning process?
answer
The recombinant plasmid is reinserted into a bacterial cell.
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Why was β-carotene inserted into GM golden rice?
answer
to better synthesize vitamin A in the body
question
How have goats been used in pharming?
answer
to produce human clotting factor in their milk
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Which type of disease condition could be successfully treated by gene therapy?
answer
a disease caused by a nonfunctional enzyme in the body
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Which is an example of gene therapy?
answer
infecting a cystic fibrosis patient with a virus carrying a working copy of the cystic fibrosis gene
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What are the undifferentiated cells that can be used in therapeutic cloning?
answer
stem cells
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What process is used to clone animals like the famous sheep "Dolly"?
answer
nuclear transfer
question
Recently a baby was born with DNA from 3 parents, what DNA did doctors use to accomplish this
answer
Nucelar DNA from the father, nuclear DNA from the mother, and mitochondrial DNA from a female donor
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Based on what you learned in the PBS video on cloning and stem cells, why does nuclear transfer not necessarily lead to the birth of a child?
answer
The embryo is not implanted in a women's uterus
question
Kendra has a metabolic rate of 1800 calories per day without exercise. She eats 1700 calories per day and exercises to burn 300 calories each day. Over time, how will Kendra's weight be affected?
answer
She will lose weight
question
What does recent research suggest about the relationships between weight and health risks?
answer
People who are slightly overweight have the lowest health risks.
question
How does ATP provide energy to a cell?
answer
It loses a phosphate group, releasing energy in the process.
question
Which molecule is a "metabolic taxicab" that shuttles electrons?
answer
NADH
question
River water piped through dams rushes past turbines in hydroelectric plants to create electricity. Which metabolic process relates to this analogy?
answer
the passage of hydrogen ions through ATP synthase to make ADP into ATP
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During the process of cellular respiration, what is the final acceptor for electrons at the end of the electron transport chain?
answer
oxygen
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What process converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen?
answer
photosynthesis
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Which equation represents photosynthesis?
answer
6H2O + 6CO2 + sunlight → C6H12O6 + 6O2
question
Where do the light reactions of photosynthesis occur?
answer
thylakoids
question
When is oxygen produced during the light reactions?
answer
Water is split to provide replacement electrons to chlorophyll.
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