BSC 1005 Exam 2 – Flashcards
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In humans, the allele for red-green color blindness is X-linked and recessive (Xr; the dominant allele is called XR). A man with normal color vision marries a color-blind woman who gives birth to a color-blind daughter. What can be inferred from this information?
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The man is probably NOT the father of the daughter.
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In humans, what ordinarily determines the sex of the offspring?
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sex chromosome carried by the sperm cell
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Tanya is a carrier of the X-linked recessive trait red-green colorblindness. True or false: Tanya has normal color vision.
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true
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What information can be inferred about Queen Victoria based on a pedigree of the British royal family?
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She inherited a mutation in a blood-clotting allele.
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On a pedigree chart, what symbol would represent a son who is affected by a genetic disorder?
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a shaded square
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Why must DNA fragments be denatured during the polymerase chain reaction?
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The primer must bind to a single-stranded template to synthesize double-stranded DNA.
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A DNA fingerprint of a suspect doesn't match a DNA fingerprint from a blood sample taken at a crime scene. What can you conclude?
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The blood came from a different person, but the suspect may have been there.
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On what basis does gel electrophoresis separate DNA segments?
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length
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Prince Philip is a descendant of the Tsarina Alexandra's sister. Which of the DNA fingerprints from the bodies exhumed would have similarities to Prince Philip's DNA fingerprint, if those in the grave were indeed the Romanovs?
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only the DNA fingerprints of the tsarina and all of the children
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What sequence of events usually occurs in the process of protein synthesis?
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DNA → RNA → protein
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Which molecule serves as the template during translation?
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mRNA
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Which structure always contains three nucleotides?
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an anticodon
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A point mutation results in the incorporation of a new amino acid in a protein. Which structure(s) would most likely result?
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an altered protein, which could result in a genetic disease
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What sequence of mRNA is made from the gene TTACAGGTCC?
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AAUGUCCAGG
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Due to a single nucleotide change, the template DNA sequence TTCCGCACC changes to TTTCGCACC. True or false: The protein produced will be nonfunctional.
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false
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Which two sticky ends would form bonds to make a recombinant plasmid?
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GGATTC CCTAAG
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What happens right after a recombinant plasmid is made during the cloning process?
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The recombinant plasmid is reinserted into a bacterial cell.
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Why was β-carotene inserted into GM golden rice?
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to better synthesize vitamin A in the body
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How have goats been used in pharming?
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to produce human clotting factor in their milk
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Which type of disease condition could be successfully treated by gene therapy?
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a disease caused by a nonfunctional enzyme in the body
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Which is an example of gene therapy?
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infecting a cystic fibrosis patient with a virus carrying a working copy of the cystic fibrosis gene
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What are the undifferentiated cells that can be used in therapeutic cloning?
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stem cells
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What process is used to clone animals like the famous sheep "Dolly"?
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nuclear transfer
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Recently a baby was born with DNA from 3 parents, what DNA did doctors use to accomplish this
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Nucelar DNA from the father, nuclear DNA from the mother, and mitochondrial DNA from a female donor
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Based on what you learned in the PBS video on cloning and stem cells, why does nuclear transfer not necessarily lead to the birth of a child?
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The embryo is not implanted in a women's uterus
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Kendra has a metabolic rate of 1800 calories per day without exercise. She eats 1700 calories per day and exercises to burn 300 calories each day. Over time, how will Kendra's weight be affected?
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She will lose weight
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What does recent research suggest about the relationships between weight and health risks?
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People who are slightly overweight have the lowest health risks.
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How does ATP provide energy to a cell?
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It loses a phosphate group, releasing energy in the process.
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Which molecule is a "metabolic taxicab" that shuttles electrons?
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NADH
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River water piped through dams rushes past turbines in hydroelectric plants to create electricity. Which metabolic process relates to this analogy?
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the passage of hydrogen ions through ATP synthase to make ADP into ATP
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During the process of cellular respiration, what is the final acceptor for electrons at the end of the electron transport chain?
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oxygen
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What process converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen?
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photosynthesis
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Which equation represents photosynthesis?
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6H2O + 6CO2 + sunlight → C6H12O6 + 6O2
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Where do the light reactions of photosynthesis occur?
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thylakoids
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When is oxygen produced during the light reactions?
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Water is split to provide replacement electrons to chlorophyll.
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