Board Bugs – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers| Gram-Positive Cocci |
Staphylococcus aureus epidermidis saprophyticus
Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A) agalactiae (Group B) pneumoniae (Pneumococcus)
Enterococcus faecalis
Viridans Group Streptococci S. sanguis S. mutans
|
Gram-Negative Cocci |
Neisseria meningitidis (Meningococcus)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Gonococcus)
|
Gram-Positive Rods
|
Bacillus anthracis cereus Clostridium tetani botulinum perfringens difficile
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Listeria monocytogenes
|
What organism can cause:
Abscess of many organs Endocarditis Gastroenteritis Toxic Shock Syndrome Hospital-acquired pneumonia Surgical Wound Infections Sepsis |
Staphylococcus aureus
Gram+ Cocci
Treatment: PenG Nafcillin vancomycin
Prevention: Cefazolin
|
What is the Coagulase-test results for the 3 Staphylococcus organisms?
aureus epidermidis saprophyticus |
Coagulase-Positive S. aureus
Coagulase-Negative S. epidermidis S. sarophyticus
|
| What G+ cocci's main habitat is the human nose? |
| Staphylococcus aureus |
| How is Toxic Shock Syndrome caused? |
Toxic Shock Syndrome toxin - Exotoxin made by S. aureus ; Stimulates helper Tcells to release large amounts of lymphokines - IL-2 |
| What type of toxin produces Scalded skin syndrome? |
Staphylococcus aureus toxin ; Protease that cleaves desmoglein in tight junctions in the skin |
| What virulence factor of S. aureus binds the heavy chain of IgG and prevents the activation of complement? |
; Protein A |
What drugs can be used for S. aureus treatment? ; |
Penicillin G for sensitive isolates ; Nafcillin ;-lactamase resistant penicillins ; Vancomycin for Nafcillin resistant; ; |
| How are most resistant S. aureus strains mediated? |
; Plasmid-encoded;;-lactamse |
| How is resistance to nafcillin developed? |
| by changes in binding proteins |
What organism is responsible for: ; Endocarditis on Prosthetic heart valves Prosthetic Hip infection Intravascular catheter infection CSF shunt infection neonatal sepsis |
Staphylococcus epidermidis Gram+ cocci coagulase-negative ; Treatment: Vancomycin + rifampin or aminoglycoside |
| What G+ Cocci is part of the Normal flora of human skin and mucous membranes? |
S. epidermidis ; ; Treatment: Vancomycin + rifampin |
| What do some strains of S. epidermidis produce that allows them to adhere well to prosthetic implants and catheters? |
; Glycocalyx |
| What is S. epidermidis sensitive to that S. saprophyticus is not? |
; Novobiocin |
What type of agar is used to grow Staph? ; What color do they grow as? |
Grown on Blood Agar ; S. aureus;; Yellow or gold colonies ; S. epidermidis;; Whitish, nonhemolytic colonies |
| What G+ cocci can cause community-aquired urinary tract infections in young women? |
; Staphylococcus saprophyticus ; ; (E. coli is much more common though) |
What organism can cause: ; Suppurative diseases: pharyngitis and cellulitis ; Nonsuppurative diseases: rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis ; |
; Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus) ; Gram-Positive Cocci - Chains ;-hemolytic Catalase-negative Bacitracin-Sensitive ; Treatment: Pen G ; |
| What Gram+ organism habitates in the human throat and skin? |
; Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus) ; ; ; Treatment: ;Pen G |
| What mediates subcutaneous spread of S. pyogenes in cellulitis? |
; Hyaluronidase ; ; ; S. pyogenes treatment: Pen G |
| What toxin of S. pyogenes causes the rash of scarlet fever? |
; Erythrogenic Toxin - superantigen ; ; ; ; S. pyogenes Treatment: Pen G |
| What S. pyogenes protein impedes phagocytosis? |
M Protein ; Antibodies againts M protein: reacts with myosin in cardiac muscles ; |
; ; Gram Positive Cocci |
; Staphylococcus Streptococcus |
; Gram Negative Cocci |
Neisseria |
; ; Gram Postive Rods (bacilli) |
Clostridium Corynebacterium Bacillus Listeria; Mycobacterium |
; ; Gram Negative Rods (bacilli) |
Enterics: E. coli Shigella Salmonella Yersinia Klebsiella Proteus Enterobacter Serratia Vibrio Campylobacter Hilicobacter Pseudomonas Haemophilus Legionella Bordetella Francisella Brucella Pasteurella Bartonella Gardnerella |
; ; Gram Positive Branching filamentous |
; Actinomyces Nocardia |
; ; Pleomorphic Gram Negative |
; ; Rickettsiae Chlamydiae |
; ; Gram Negative Spirochetes |
; ; Leptospira Borrelia Treponema |
; ; Giemsa Stain |
; ; Borrelia Plasmodium Trypanosomes Chlamydia |
; ; PAS (periodic acid-Schiff) |
; ; Tropheryma whippelii (Whipple's disease) |
Ziehl-Neelsen Stain (Acid-Fast Stain) |
Mycobacteria Nocardia (weakly acid fast) |
India Ink Stain |
Cryptococcus neoformans |
Silver Stain |
Fungi Legionella |
Chocolate agar with factors V and X |
H. influenzae |
Obligate Aerobes
"Nagging Pests Must Breath" |
Nocardia Pseudomonas aeruginosa Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bacillus |
Obligate anaerobes
"Can't Breath Air" |
Clostridium Bacteroides Actinomyces |
Intracellular Bugs
Obligate Intracellular "Stay inside when it's Really Cold"
Facultative Intracellular "Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultativeLY" |
Obligate Intracellular Rickettsia Chlamydia
Facultative Intracellular Salmonella Neisseria Brucella Mycobacterium Listeria Francisella Legionella Yersinia pestis |
Catalase-Positive Organisms
you need SSPACE for a CATapult |
S. aureus Serratia Pseudomonas Actinomyces Candida E. coli |
| What 5 bacterial toxin genes are encoded in a lysogenic phage? |
ShigA-like toxin Botulinum toxin (certain strains) Cholera toxin Diphtheria toxin Erythrogenic toxin of streptococcus pyogenes
ABCDE |
| What are the ABCDEFGs of Corynebacterium diphtheriae? |
ADP ribosylation Beta-prophage Corynebacterium Diphtheria Elongation Factor 2 Granules |
What are the Spore-Forming Gram-Positive bacteria found in Soil?
What are some other spore formers? |
Gram + found in soil Bacillus anthracis Clostridium perfringens Clostridium tetani
Other Spore formers:
Bacillus cereus Clostridium botulinum Cosiella brunetii |
What toxins do each of the Clostridia species produce and what does it cause?
C. tetani C. botulinum C. perfringens C. difficile |
C. tetani tetanospasmin → tetanus
C. botulinum preformed, heat labile toxin → inhibits ACh release at the neuromuscular jnx
C. perfringens α-toxin → myonecrosis (gas gangrene) and hemolysis
C. difficile Toxin A (enterotoxin)→ binds brush border of gut Toxin B (cytotoxin) → destroys cytoskeletal structure of enterocytes |
What agar do Lactose-fermenting enteric bacteria grow pink colonies on?
What are these bacteria? |
MacConkey's Agar ; Citrobacter Klebsiella E. coli Enterobacter Serratia ; Test with MacConKEE'S agar |
| What drug can be given as prophylaxis to close contacts of a person with Meningococci? |
| Rifampin |
What Bug requires Factor V and X?
What type of vaccine prevents it? |
Haemophilus influenzae
Vaccine contains type B capsular polysaccharide conjugated to diphtheria toxoid or other protein. |
What infections cause Palm and sole rashes?
|
Coxsackievirus A (hand, foot, and mouth disease)
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Syphilis You drive CARS using your palms and soles |
| What is the most common cause of "walking" pneumonia in ages 18-40? |
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Symptoms: insidious onset, headache, nonproductive cough, diffuse interstitial infiltrate
High titer or cold agglutinins (IgM)
Treatment: Tetracyclin or Erythromycin |
What pneumonia causing organism is associated with the following:
Mississippi and Ohio River valleys Macrophages filled with organism Bird or Bat droppings |
Histoplasmosis Treatment: Fluconazole or Ketoconazole Amphotericin B (systemic infections)
Histo Hides (within macrophages) |
What pneumonia causing organism is associated with the following:
East of Mississippi River Causes Inflammatory Lung disease Can disseminate to Skin and Bone Forms granulomatous nodules Broad-base Budding |
Blastomycosis
Treatment: Fluconazole or Ketoconazole Amphotericin B (systemic)
Blasto Buds (Broadly) |
What pneumonia causing bug is associated with the following:
Southwestern US and California Spherule filled with endospores Can disseminate to bone and skin |
Coccidioidomycosis
Treatment: Fluconazole or Ketoconazole Amphotericin B (systemic)
Coccidio Crowds |
What pneumonia causing bug is associated with the following:
Latin America Budding yeast with "captain's wheel" formation |
Paracoccidioidomycosis Treatment: Fluconazole or Ketoconazole Amphotericin B (systemic)
Paracoccidio Parasails with the captain's wheel all the way to Latin America |
What bug is associated with the following:
Pseudohyphae and budding yeast at 20ºC Germ Tubes at 37ºC Oral and Esophageal Thrush in immunocompromised
|
Candida albicans
Treatment: Topical azole for vaginal fluconazole or caspofungin for oral/esophageal Amphotericin B, Fulconazole or Caspofungin for Systemic |
What Bug is associated with the following:
Septate hyphae that branch at acute angles in immunocompromised and those with chronic granulomatous disease Especially in the Lungs |
Aspergillus fumigatus Think "A" for Acute Angles in Aspergillus |
What Bug is associated with:
Wide capsular halos and unequal budding in India Ink Stain Found in soil, pigeon droppings "Soap Bubble" lesions in brain |
Cryptococcus neoformans
|
What Bug is associated with:
Ketoacidotic diabetic and Leukemic patients Penetrate Cribiform Plate → Brain Nonseptate hyphae branching at wide angles
|
| Mucor and Rhizopus spp. |
What Bugs are associated with the following:
Brain Cysts, Seizures
Liver Cysts
B12 Deficiency
|
Brain Cysts, Seizures Taenia solium (cysticercosis)
Liver Cysts Echinococcus granulosus
B12 Deficiency Diphyllobothrium latum |
What Bugs are associated with the following:
Biliary Tract Disease, cholangiocarcinoma
Hemoptysis
Portal hypertension |
Biliary Tract Disease, cholangiocarcinoma Clonorchis sinensis
Hemoptysis Paragonimus westermani
Portal hypertension Schistosoma mansoni |
What Bugs are associated with:
Hematuria, bladder cancer
Microcytic anemia
Perianal pruritus |
Hematuria, bladder cancer Schistosoma haematobium
Microcytic anemia Ancylostoma, Necator
Perianal pruritus Enterobius |
| What are the Live Attenuated Vaccines? |
Small pox Yellow fever Chickenpox (VZV) Sabin's Polio virus MMR
Induce Humoral and cell-mediated immunity but have reverted to virulence on rare occasions
"Live! See small yellow chickens get vaccinated with Sabin's and MMR!" |
What are the Killed/inactivated vaccines? |
Rabies Influenza Salk Polio HAV
Induce only humoral immunity but are stable
SalK = Killed RIP Always |
| What are the Recombinant vaccines? |
HBV HPV |
| What are the Positive-stranded RNA viruses? |
Retrovirus Togavirus Flavivirus Coronavirus Hepevirus Calicivirus Picornavirus
All are ssRNA except: Reovirus - dsRNA
"I went to a RETRO(retrovirus) TOGA(togavirus) party, where I drank FLAVored(flavivirus) CORONA(coronavirus) and ate HIPPY(hepevirus) CALIfornia(calicivirus) PICkles(picornavirus)" |
| What viruses are Naked, are nonenveloped? |
RNA: Calicivirus Picornavirus Reovirus
DNA: Parvovirus Adenovirus Papilloma Polyoma Naked CPR and PAPP smears |
What Family and Structure are each of the Hepatitis viruses?
HBV HAV HCV HEV HDV |
HBV dsDNA Hepadnavirus
HAV ssRNA Picornaviruses
HCV ssRNA Flavivirus
HEV ssRNA Hepevirus
HDV ssRNA Deltavirus
|
| What is the Tzanck Test used for? |
Tzanck Test Used to Assay: HSV-1 HSV-2 VZV
Smear of an opened skin vesicle to detect multinucleated giant cells Infected cells also have intranuclear Cowdry A inclusions |
