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Home Page Flashcards Biphenyl C12H10 structure - Flashcards

Biphenyl C12H10 structure – Flashcards

Flashcard maker : Donna Chou

Molecular Formula C12H10
Average mass 154.208 Da
Density 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point 258.0±7.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point 105.5±8.9 °C
Molar Refractivity 50.8±0.3 cm3
Polarizability 20.2±0.5 10-24cm3
Surface Tension 36.6±3.0 dyne/cm
Molar Volume 154.7±3.0 cm3
  • Experimental data
  • Predicted – ACD/Labs
  • Predicted – EPISuite
  • Predicted – ChemAxon
  • Predicted – Mcule
  • Experimental Physico-chemical Properties

    • Experimental Melting Point:

      70 °C TCI B0465
      69-72 °C Alfa Aesar
      68-70 °C Merck Millipore 1458, 803090
      70 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 17291, 27864, 27865, 27866, 27867
      69.85 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 27864, 27865, 27866, 27867
      69 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 14011, 20914, 27864, 27865, 27866, 27867
      71 °C Jean-Claude Bradley Open Melting Point Dataset 6521
      69-72 °C Alfa Aesar A10265
      69 °C Biosynth W-100283
      68-70 °C (Literature) LabNetwork LN00195645
      71 °C FooDB FDB012838

    • Experimental Boiling Point:

      254-255 °C Alfa Aesar
      489 F (253.8889 °C)
      NIOSH DU8050000
      254 °C Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Biphenyl
      254-255 °C Alfa Aesar A10265
      255 °C Biosynth W-100283
      255 °C (Literature) LabNetwork LN00195645
      0.2 °C / 70 mmHg (63.9754 °C / 760 mmHg)
      FooDB FDB012838

    • Experimental Ionization Potent:

      7.95 Ev NIOSH DU8050000

    • Experimental Vapor Pressure:

      0.005 mmHg NIOSH DU8050000

    • Experimental LogP:

      4.01 Egon Willighagen http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ci050282s

    • Experimental Flash Point:

      235 F (112.7778 °C)
      NIOSH DU8050000
      113 °C Alfa Aesar
      110 °C Biosynth W-100283
      113 °F (45 °C)
      Alfa Aesar A10265
      113 °C LabNetwork LN00195645

    • Experimental Gravity:

      0.99 g/mL Alfa Aesar A10265
      110 g/mL Biosynth W-100283

    • Experimental Solubility:

      Insoluble NIOSH DU8050000
      Soluble in alcohol and ether Alfa Aesar A10265
  • Predicted Physico-chemical Properties

    • Predicted Melting Point:

      68-70 °C J&K Scientific 610874
      70 °C TCI
      70 °C TCI B0465
  • Miscellaneous

    • Appearance:

      Colorless to pale-yellow solid with a pleasant, characteristic odor. [fungicide] NIOSH DU8050000
      White to light brown leaflet solid, Pungent green aroma, rose-like upon dilution Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Biphenyl

    • Safety:

      23-60-61 Alfa Aesar A10265
      36/37/38-50/53 Alfa Aesar A10265
      9 Alfa Aesar A10265
      GHS07; GHS09 Biosynth W-100283
      H315; H319; H335; H410 Biosynth W-100283
      H400-H410-H315-H319-H335 Alfa Aesar A10265
      P261; P273; P305+P351+P338; P501 Biosynth W-100283
      P261-P280-P305+P351+P338-P304+P340-P405-P501a Alfa Aesar A10265
      Warning Alfa Aesar A10265
      Warning Biosynth W-100283
      WARNING: Irritates lungs, eyes, skin Alfa Aesar A10265

    • First-Aid:

      Eye: Irrigate immediately Skin: Water flush immediately Breathing: Respiratory support Swallow: Medical attention immediately NIOSH DU8050000

    • Exposure Routes:

      inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact NIOSH DU8050000

    • Symptoms:

      Irritation eyes, throat; headache, nausea, lassitude (weakness, exhaustion), numb limbs; liver damage NIOSH DU8050000

    • Target Organs:

      Eyes, respiratory system, liver, central nervous system NIOSH DU8050000

    • Incompatibility:

      Oxidizers NIOSH DU8050000

    • Personal Protection:

      Skin: Prevent skin contact Eyes: Prevent eye contact Wash skin: When contaminated Remove: When wet or contaminated Change: Daily Provide: Eyewash (molten), Quick drench (molten) NIOSH DU8050000

    • Exposure Limits:

      NIOSH REL : TWA 1 mg/m 3 (0.2 ppm) OSHA PEL : TWA 1 mg/m 3 (0.2 ppm) NIOSH DU8050000
  • Gas Chromatography

    • Retention Index (Kovats):

      1367 (estimated with error: 55) NIST Spectra mainlib_114218, replib_34804, replib_35278, replib_53609, replib_366502, replib_379387
      1369 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 150 C; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: OV-1; Carrier gas: N2; Phase thickness: 0.33 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Zhang, M.; Chen, B.; Shen, S.; Chen, S., Compositional studies of high-temperature coal tar by g.c.-FT-i.r. analysis of middle oil fractions, Fuel, 76(5), 1997, 415-423.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1370 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 150 C; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: OV-1; Carrier gas: N2; Phase thickness: 0.33 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Zhang, M.; Chen, B.; Shen, S.; Chen, S., Compositional studies of high-temperature coal tar by g.c.-FT-i.r. analysis of middle oil fractions, Fuel, 76(5), 1997, 415-423.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1378 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.2 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 160 C; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: OV-1; Carrier gas: N2; Phase thickness: 0.33 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Zhang, M.; Chen, B.; Shen, S.; Chen, S., Compositional studies of high-temperature coal tar by g.c.-FT-i.r. analysis of middle oil fractions, Fuel, 76(5), 1997, 415-423.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1353 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; Column length: 10 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 120 C; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: SE-33; Carrier gas: H2; Phase thickness: 0.15 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Juvancz, Z.; Cserhati, T.; Markides, K.E.; Bradshaw, J.S.; Lee, M.L., Characterization of some new polysiloxane stationary phases by principal component analysis, Chromatographia, 38(3/4), 1994, 227-231.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1345 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 60 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 2 K/min; Start T: 30 C; End T: 210 C; Start time: 4 min; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: DB-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Takeoka, G.R.; Buttery, R.G.; Flath, R.A., Volatile constituents of Asian pear (Pyrus serotina), J. Agric. Food Chem., 40, 1992, 1925-1929.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1346 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 60 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 2 K/min; Start T: 30 C; End T: 210 C; Start time: 4 min; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: DB-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Takeoka, G.R.; Buttery, R.G.; Flath, R.A., Volatile constituents of Asian pear (Pyrus serotina), J. Agric. Food Chem., 40, 1992, 1925-1929.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1349 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 60 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 2 K/min; Start T: 30 C; End T: 210 C; Start time: 4 min; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: DB-1; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Takeoka, G.R.; Buttery, R.G.; Flath, R.A., Volatile constituents of Asian pear (Pyrus serotina), J. Agric. Food Chem., 40, 1992, 1925-1929.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1340 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 100 C; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: HP-1; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Zhang, M.J.; Li, S.D.; Chen, B.J., Compositional studies of high-temperature coal tar by GC/FTIR analysis of light oil fractions, Chromatographia, 33(3/4), 1992, 138-146.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1351 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 125 C; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: Methyl Silicone; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Bemgard, A.; Blomberg, L.; Lymann, M.; Claude, S.; Tabacchi, R., Siloxane/silarylene copolymers as stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography. Part I: Evaluation of silanol terminated dimethyl substituted polymers, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. & Chromatogr. Comm., 10, 1987, 302-318.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1352 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 125 C; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: Methyl Silicone; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Bemgard, A.; Blomberg, L.; Lymann, M.; Claude, S.; Tabacchi, R., Siloxane/silarylene copolymers as stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography. Part I: Evaluation of silanol terminated dimethyl substituted polymers, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. & Chromatogr. Comm., 10, 1987, 302-318.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1354 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 125 C; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: Methyl Silicone; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Bemgard, A.; Blomberg, L.; Lymann, M.; Claude, S.; Tabacchi, R., Siloxane/silarylene copolymers as stationary phases for capillary gas chromatography. Part I: Evaluation of silanol terminated dimethyl substituted polymers, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. & Chromatogr. Comm., 10, 1987, 302-318., Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column type: Packed; Start T: 130 C; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: Methyl Silicone; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Antheaume, J.; Guiochon, G., Application de la chromatographie en phase gazeuse a l’etude de la composition des fractions moyennes d’un brut petrolier, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 2, 1965, 298-307., Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column type: Packed; Start T: 130 C; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: SE-30; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Antheaume, J.; Guiochon, G., Application de la chromatographie en phase gazeuse a l’etude de la composition des fractions moyennes d’un brut petrolier, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 2, 1965, 298-307.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1387 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.33 mm; Column length: 25 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 180 C; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: SE-30; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Korhonen, I.O.O.; Lind, M.A., Gas-liquid chromatographic analyses. XXXIV. Separation and retention indices with retention increments of some nitrated polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons on a low-polarity (SE-30) capillary column, J. Chromatogr., 322, 1985, 71-81.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1359 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.5 mm; Column length: 100 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 130 C; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: SE-30; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Bredael, P., Retention indices of hydrocarbons on SE-30, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. & Chromatogr. Comm., 5, 1982, 325-328.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1350 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 110 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 1 K/min; Start T: 35 C; End T: 200 C; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: OV-101; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.20 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Hayes, P.C., Jr.; Pitzer, E.W., Characterizing petroleum- and shale-derived jet fuel distillates via temperature-programmed Kovats indices, J. Chromatogr., 253, 1982, 179-198.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1366.3 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 140 C; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: OV-101; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Gerasimenko, V.A.; Kirilenko, A.V.; Nabivach, V.M., Capillary gas chromatography of aromatic compounds found in coal tar fractions, J. Chromatogr., 208, 1981, 9-16.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1377.9 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 160 C; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: OV-101; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Gerasimenko, V.A.; Kirilenko, A.V.; Nabivach, V.M., Capillary gas chromatography of aromatic compounds found in coal tar fractions, J. Chromatogr., 208, 1981, 9-16.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1389 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column length: 1.5 m; Column type: Packed; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: SE-30; Carrier gas: He; Substrate: Chromosorb G HP (80-100 mesh); Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Ramsey, J.D.; Lee, T.D.; Osselton, M.D.; Moffat, A.C., Gas-liquid chromatographic retention indices of 296 non-drug substances on SE-30 or OV-1 likely to be encountered in toxicological analyses, J. Chromatogr., 184, 1980, 185-206.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1396 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column length: 3 m; Column type: Packed; Start T: 200 C; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: OV-101; Substrate: Chromosorb W HP (80-100 mesh); Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Albro, P.W.; Haseman, J.K.; Clemmer, T.A.; Corbett, B.J., Identification of the Individual Polychlorinated Biphenyls in a Mixture by Gas-Liquid Chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 136, 1977, 147-153.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1373 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column type: Packed; Start T: 150 C; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: SE-30; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Shlyakhov, A.F.; Anvaer, B.I.; Zolotareva, O.V.; Romina, N.N.; Novikova, N.V.; Koreshkova, R.I., On the possibility of group indentification of hydrocarbons by gas chromatography from temperature coefficients of retention indices, Zh. Anal. Khim., 30, 1975, 788-792.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1405 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column type: Packed; Start T: 200 C; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: SE-30; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Shlyakhov, A.F.; Anvaer, B.I.; Zolotareva, O.V.; Romina, N.N.; Novikova, N.V.; Koreshkova, R.I., On the possibility of group indentification of hydrocarbons by gas chromatography from temperature coefficients of retention indices, Zh. Anal. Khim., 30, 1975, 788-792.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1398.7 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column length: 2 m; Column type: Packed; Start T: 50 C; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: Polymethylsiloxane, (PMS-20000); Carrier gas: He; Substrate: Chromosorb W; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Ainshtein, A.A.; Shulyatieva, T.I., Retention indices of alkyl- and arylchlorosilanes, Zh. Anal. Khim., 27, 1972, 816-821.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1380 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column type: Packed; Start T: 170 C; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: SE-30; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Antheaume, J.; Guiochon, G., Application de la chromatographie en phase gazeuse a l’etude de la composition des fractions moyennes d’un brut petrolier, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 2, 1965, 298-307.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1399 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard non-polar; Column type: Packed; Start T: 184 C; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: SE-30; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Antheaume, J.; Guiochon, G., Application de la chromatographie en phase gazeuse a l’etude de la composition des fractions moyennes d’un brut petrolier, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 2, 1965, 298-307.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      1382 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.20 mm; Column length: 10 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 120 C; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: SE-54; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.15 um; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Juvancz, Z.; Pulsipher, M.A.; Tarbet, B.J.; Schirmer, M.M.; Johnson, R.S.; Markides, K.E.; Bradshaw, J.S.; Lee, M.L., New cyanophenyl-containing polysiloxane stationary phases for capillary column gas chromatography, J. Microcolumn Sep., 1(3), 1989, 142-149.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      2029 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Standard polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Start T: 200 C; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: SP-1000; Carrier gas: N2; Data type: Kovats RI; Authors: Kriz, J.; Popl, M.; Mostecky, J., Retention indices of biphenyls and diphenylalkanes, J. Chromatogr., 97, 1974, 3-13.) NIST Spectra nist ri

    • Retention Index (Lee):

      233.78 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.32 mm; Column length: 50 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 4 K/min; Start T: 80 C; End T: 270 C; End time: 5 min; Start time: 2 min; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: PB-1; Carrier gas: H2; Phase thickness: 0.2 um; Data type: Lee RI; Authors: Andersson, J.T.; Weis, U., Gas Chromatographic Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds with Fluorinated Analogues as Internal Standards, J. Chromatogr. A, 659, 1994, 151-161.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      236.2 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 4 K/min; Start T: 40 C; End T: 300 C; Start time: 2 min; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: SPB-5; Data type: Lee RI; Authors: Knobloch, T.; Engewald, W., Identification of some polar polycyclic compounds in emissions from brown-coal-fired residential stoves, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr., 16, 1993, 239-242., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Standard non-polar; Column type: Capillary; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: OV-101; Data type: Lee RI; Authors: Tucminen, A.; Wickstrom, K.; Pyysalo, H., Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds by GLC-Selected Ion Monitoring (SIM) Technique, J. Hi. Res. Chromatogr. & Chromatogr. Comm., , 1986, 469-471.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      236.6 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column length: 60 m; Column type: Capillary; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: DB-5; Data type: Lee RI; Authors: Fuentes, M.J.; Font, R.; Gomez-Rico, M.F.; Martin-Gullon, I., Pyrolysis and combustion of waste lubricant oil from diesel cars: Decomposition and pollutants, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 79, 2007, 215-226.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      245.8 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.30 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 5 K/min; Start T: 50 C; End T: 200 C; End time: 15 min; Start time: 5 min; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: HP-5; Carrier gas: Helium; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Lee RI; Authors: Wang, G.; Hou, Z.; Sun, Y.; Liu, Y.; Xie, B.; Liu, S., Investigation of pyrolysis behavior of fenoxycarb using PY-GC-MS assisted with chemometric methods, Chem. Anal., 52, 2007, 141-156.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      236.56 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 60C(2min) =>6C/min =>258C=>2C/min =>300C(4min); CAS no: 92524; Active phase: HP-5MS; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Lee RI; Authors: Wang, Z.; Li, K.; Lambert, P.; Yang, C., Identification, characterization and quantitation of pyrogenic polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons and other organic compounds in tire fire products, J. Chromatogr. A, 1139, 2007, 14-26., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: HP-5MS; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Lee RI; Authors: Wang, Z.; Li, K.; Lambert, P.; Brown, C.E.; Yang, C.; Hollebone, B.P., Identification and characterization of polycyclic aromatic compounds in tire fire products and differentiation of pyrogenic PAHs from petrogenic PAHs, in Proceedings of the 30th Arctic and Marine Oilspill (AMOP) Technical Seminar. Vol.1, 2007, 61-85.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      236.39 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: HP-5MS; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Lee RI; Authors: Wang, Z.; Li, K.; Lambert, P.; Brown, C.E.; Yang, C.; Hollebone, B.P., Identification and characterization of polycyclic aromatic compounds in tire fire products and differentiation of pyrogenic PAHs from petrogenic PAHs, in Proceedings of the 30th Arctic and Marine Oilspill (AMOP) Technical Seminar. Vol.1, 2007, 61-85., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 4 K/min; Start T: 40 C; End T: 280 C; End time: 5 min; Start time: 2 min; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: DB-5; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Lee RI; Authors: Wise, S.A.; Benner, B.A.; Byrd, G.D.; Chesler, S.N.; Rebbert, R.E.; Schantz, M.M., Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a coal tar standard reference material, Anal. Chem., 60, 1988, 887-894., Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 60 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 3 K/min; Start T: 35 C; End T: 300 C; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: HP-5; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Lee RI; Authors: Marynowski, L.; Pieta, M.; Janeczek, J., Composition and source of polycyclic aromatic compounds in deposited dust from selected sites around the Upper Silesia, Poland, Geol. Q., 48(2), 2004, 169-180.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      237.7 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.3 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Heat rate: 5 K/min; Start T: 50 C; End T: 200 C; End time: 15 min; Start time: 5 min; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: HP-5; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Lee RI; Authors: Shao, X.; Wang, G.; Sun, Y.; Zhang, R.; Xie, K.; Liu, H., Determination and Characterization of the Pyrolysis Products of Isoprocarb by GC-MS, J. Chromatogr. Sci., 44, 2006, 141-147.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      235.5 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 60 m; Column type: Capillary; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: DB-5MS; Data type: Lee RI; Authors: Aracil, I.; Font, R.; Conesa, J.A., Semivolatile and volatile compounds from the pyrolysis and combustion of polyvinyl chloride, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 74, 2005, 465-478.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      240.35 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.30 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 50 0C (2 min) ^ 8 0C/min -> 120 0C (3 min) ^ 10 0C/min -> 230 0C; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: HP-5MS; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Lee RI; Authors: Cheng, D.-X.; Liu, B.-X.; Sun, Y.-A.; Xie, B.; Zhang, H.-L., rapid analysis of pyrolysis products of cholesterol by GC-MS assited with boiling point – Lee retention index, journal of Instrumental Analysis – Fenxi ceshi xuebao, 24(6), 2005, 85-88.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      229.33 (Program type: Complex; Column… (show more) class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; Description: 60C(2min) =>15C/min =>180C =>5C/min =>280C (10min); CAS no: 92524; Active phase: LM-5; Carrier gas: He; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Lee RI; Authors: Re-Poppi, N.; Santiago-Silva, M., Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other selected organic compounds in ambient air of Campo Grande City, Brazil, Atmos. Environ., 39, 2005, 2839-2850.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      235 (Program type: Isothermal; Col… (show more) umn class: Semi-standard non-polar; Column diameter: 0.25 mm; Column length: 30 m; Column type: Capillary; CAS no: 92524; Active phase: DB-5; Phase thickness: 0.25 um; Data type: Lee RI; Authors: Lundstedt, S.; Haglund, P.; Oberg, L., Degradation and formation of polycyclic aromatic compounds during bioslurry treatment of an aged gasworks soil, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 22(7), 2003, 1413-1420.) NIST Spectra nist ri
      236.34 (Program type: Ramp; Column cl… (show more) ass: Semi-standa

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      Question
      What is the right structure for an essay
      Answer
      A paragraph is a related group of sentences that develops one main idea. Each paragraph in the body of the essay should contain:
      • a topic sentence that states the main or controlling idea
      • supporting sentences to explain and develop the point you’re making
      • evidence from your reading or an example from the subject area that supports your point
      • analysis of the implication/significance/impact of the evidence finished off with a critical conclusion you have drawn from the evidence.