Biology – Unit 2 Test -Study Guide – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
Density
answer
Mass of an object divided by its volume
question
Polarity
answer
Water molecule has a slightly negative charge near its oxygen atom and a slightly positive charge near each hydrogen atom.
question
Solvent
answer
A liquid in which substances are dissolved
question
Solute
answer
Substance that is being dissolved
question
Solution
answer
Solvent and solute mixed together
question
Cohesion
answer
Similar molecules form weak bonds and stick together
question
Properties of water
answer
• Water molecules expand upon freezing • Water displays cohesive behavior • Water is a versatile solvent • Water has the ability to moderate temperature
question
Organic
answer
Carbon-based
question
Inorganic
answer
Not carbon-based
question
Hydrocarbons
answer
Composed of only carbon and hydrogen
question
Functional Group
answer
Interacts in predictable ways with other molecules
question
Hydrophilic
answer
Attracted to water {Ex.
question
Hydrophobic
answer
Repels water {Ex. Fats and Oils}
question
Macromolecules
answer
When smaller compounds are joined together by chemical bonds ; made up of monomers
question
Polymers
answer
Made up of monomers
question
Primary energy source of most organisms
answer
Carbohydrates
question
Are carbohydrates hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
answer
Hydrophilic
question
Polysaccharide
answer
means "sugar"
question
Monosaccharide
answer
Carbohydrate made up of only one simple sugar molecules
question
How is a disaccharide formed?
answer
Two monosaccharide molecules bond together
question
What does chains of monosaccharides form?
answer
Polysaccharides
question
Cellulose
answer
Gives structural support to plant cells
question
Foods containing only or mostly carbohydrates provide quick
answer
"energy"
question
The main function of carbohydrates (Fatty Acids)
answer
Store energy for later use
question
Two main functions of Lipids
answer
~ Used for long-term energy storage ~ Waterproof the organism
question
Saturated Fat
answer
Bad Fat
question
Unsaturated Fat
answer
Good Fat
question
Steroid
answer
Four rings of carbon atoms
question
Function of Steriods
answer
Act as hormones estrogen and testosterone)
question
Why are steroids classified as lipids?
answer
They are hydrophilic
question
Best known steriod
answer
Cholesterol
question
How many types of amino acids are there?
answer
20
question
How many types of sugars are there?
answer
10
question
How many types of nucleotides are there?
answer
5
question
How many types of fatty acids are there?
answer
10
question
What's another name for carbohydrates?
answer
Sugar
question
What's another name for proteins?
answer
Amino Acid
question
What's another name for nucleic acids?
answer
Nucleotide
question
What's another name for lipids?
answer
Fatty Acids
question
Functions of a protein
answer
?Forms hair and fur ? Makes up muscles ? Provides long-term nutrient storage ? Circulates blood ? Defends body from harmful microorganisms
question
Enzyme
answer
Controls the rate of chemical reactions in the body
question
Side Group "R-Group"
answer
Responsible for the certain chemical properties of each amino acid
question
Polypeptide
answer
Cells create proteins by linking amino acids together in a chain
question
Denaturation
answer
Protein losing its shape and function due to a change in temperature or pH
question
Amino Acid ? Polypeptide ? Protein
answer
Amino Acid ? Polypeptide ? Protein
question
Genetic Information
answer
Info passed from one generation of cells to the next
question
Nucleotides
answer
Form nucleic acids
question
Two most important nucleic acids
answer
? DNA ? RNA
question
Where is genetic information stored?
answer
In nucleic acids
question
Reactants
answer
What you start with
question
Products
answer
What you end with
question
Photosynthesis
answer
Plants use carbon dioxide an water to make food (glucose)
question
Cellular Respiration
answer
Breaks down sugar to release energy
question
Catalyst
answer
Speeds the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed
question
Most catalyst for biochemical reactions are
answer
Enzymes
question
Activation Energy
answer
Minimum amount of energy needed for colliding molecules to react
question
What does enzymes do?
answer
Speed up reactions by reducing the amount of energy that is needed
question
Two factors that affect enzymes
answer
? Temperature ? pH
question
What makes water molecules polar?
answer
Slightly negative oxygen end of one molecule attracts the slightly positive hydrogen ends of adjacent water molecules and they attract
question
Aqueous Solution
answer
Water is the solvent
question
What makes the plant favorable to live on?
answer
? Water ; There is an abundance of water ? Location ; Were not too close to the sun yet not too far, were right in the middle
question
Is water organic or Inorganic?
answer
Inorganic !!
question
Carbohydrates include :
answer
? Polysaccharide ? Monosaccharide ? Glycogen
question
Hydrophilic dissolves in water
answer
Hydrophilic dissolves in water
question
he 20 amino acids vary only in their
answer
Side groups
question
Enzymes act upon
answer
Catalyst
question
Why would you consume a big bowl of pasta the night before a big race?
answer
The carbohydrates in the pasta store energy for later
question
How are glucose, sucrose, and starch related?
answer
They are all polysaccharides (sugar)
question
Polypeptides make up
answer
Proteins
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New