Biology Unit 1- Biochemistry – Flashcards
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What is biology
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The study of living things
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What is a monosaccaride
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One sugar
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What is the function of carbs
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Store and release energy Provide the least amount of energy but the easiest to break down
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What 3 groups are carbs classified into?
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Monosaccharides-one sugar(glucose, galactose, fructose Disaccharide- Simple sugars(2 sugars- Table sugar, Maltose, Lactose Polysaccharide- Complex carbs( many sugars- Starch, cellulose)
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Another name for cellulose is?
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Fiber
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What is the function of lipids?
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store and release energy Provide the greatest amount of energy but are the hardest to break down.
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What is a lipids monomer?
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1 glycerol 3 fatty acids
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What does the "R" represent in the fatty acids?
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The "R" represents the different numbers of carbon/hydrogen chains.
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Cholesterol, steroids, and some hormones are forms of lipids. What shape do they make?
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Rings
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How are lipids classified into groups?
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Depending on how many double bonds are found in the fatty acids
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What are saturated fats?
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All single bonds, no doubles. Solid at room temp
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What are monosaturated fats?
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Fats have one double bond. Liquid at room temp
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What are polyunsaturated fats?
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Have more than one double bond
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What are transfats?
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Transfats are Poly and monosaturated fats in which the double bonds are converted to single bonds
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What is the function of proteins?
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-They provide structural support to living organisms -Preform chemical reactions( enzymes) -Defend the body against foreign substances -Proteins are involved in almost all cell functions -Provide energy over long periods of time
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What is a proteins monomer?
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Amino acids
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what is the function of nucleic acids?
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re and transmit hereditary or genetic information Only some molecules such as ATP provide energy
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What is a nucleic acids monomer?
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A nucleotide- is made up of a sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogenous
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What do enzymes do?
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Help speed up chemical reaction in the body
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What are the most common elements (SPONCH)?
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Sulfur Phosphorus Oxygen Nitrogen Carbon Hydrogen
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What makes up an atom?
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Subatomic particles
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What are the 4 macromolecules?
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Lipids Carbs Proteins Nucleic acids
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What is the substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction?
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a cataylst
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Living things...
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-are made up of cells -can reproduce -Are based on a universal genetic code -grow and develope -obtain and use materials and energy -respond to their envirorment -change over time
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Describe how dehydration and hydrolysis relate to organic molecules.
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When the monomers of marcomolecules are combined in a chemical reaction such as two amino acids combining to form the marcomolecules, a watre molecule is released and a bond forms between the 2 monomers. This process is called dehydration. The opposite occurs when the marcomolecule is in the presence of water, the marcomolecule can break down into its monomers. This is hydrolysis.
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What is the difference between anabolic and catabolic and an anabolic reaction.
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In catabolic reactions the reactants are broken down into smaller parts. In anabolic reactions, the reactants are built up into bigger molecules
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How many types of amino acids are there?
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20
