Biology Textbook Chapter 8 Section 1 – Flashcards
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Chapter 8 Section 1
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Chapter 8 Section 1
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Bacteriophage
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A virus that infects a bacteria
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Who came up with the transforming principle?
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Frederick Griffith
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What is the transforming principle?
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What was the principle that killed the mice after mixing the heat-killed s bacteria and the r bacteria, both individually keeping the mice alive.
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So what was the transforming principle?
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DNA is the transforming principle.
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Who figured out the transforming principle?
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Oswald Avery and his fellow biologists.
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What were they testing?
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If protein or DNA was the transforming principle.
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How did Oswald find out the key steps in finding the transforming principle?
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Qualitative tests
Chemical analysis
Enzyme tests
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Who confirms that DNA is genetic material?
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Alfred Hershey & Martha Chase
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What was "transformed" in Griffith's experiment?
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The S bacteria, because the mixture would create the S bacteria, thus, killing the cell.
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How did Avery & his group identify the transforming principle?
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They combined living R and S bacteria, this procedure let them observe the transformation of R into S bacteria.
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Summarize of Hershey and Chase confirmed that DNA is the genetic material.
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After doing the Waring Blender Experiment, they blended them and in the end noticed that the bacteria was glowing which meant that DNA was the genetic material.
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Why was bacteriophage an excellent choice for research to determine whether genes are made out of DNA or proteins?
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Bacteriophages are easily manipulated. DNA proved it was the genetic material and not just proteins. This is because the DNA showed up in the bacteriophages.
