Biology study guide: Plants – Flashcards
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Chloroplast
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organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy. Where photosynthesis takes place.
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Chlorophyll
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green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis
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Cellulose
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chemical compound made out of sugar; forms tangled fibers in the cell walls of many plants and provides structure and support
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Algae
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eukaryotic organisms that convert the sun s energy into food through photosynthesis but that do not have roots, stems, or leaves, and vascular tissue. kingdom Protista.
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Nonvascular plants
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Plants that lack a well-developed system of tubes for transporting water and other materials
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Vascular plants
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plants with tissue that contain tube-like cells which allow water and nutrients to be transported
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Xylem
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the type of tissue in vascular plants that provides support and conducts water and nutrients from the roots
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Phloem
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(botany) tissue that conducts synthesized food substances (e.g., from leaves) to parts where needed
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Archegonium
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a female sex organ occurring in mosses, ferns, and conifers, and most gymnosperms
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Anteridium
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a reproductive structure that produces male sex cells in flowerless or seedless plants
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Hermaphrodite
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an organism that has both male and female reproductive organs
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Cuticle
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A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation to prevent desiccation in terrestrial plants.
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Stomata
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the small openings on the undersides of most leaves through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move
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Megastrobulus
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Pine cone, makes ovum
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Microstrobulus
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Makes pollen grain
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Megasporocyte
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2N- a single cell, which grows in the sporangium. grows and undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid megaspores, one of which will become an egg
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Microsporocyte
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2N- diploid reproductive cells in the stamen (male reproductive part), undergoes meiosis and produces 4 haploid microspores
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Pollen grain
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In seed plants, a structure consisting of the male gametophyte enclosed within a pollen wall.
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Winged seed (with respect to gymnosperms)
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In gymnosperms the covering "winged seed" part comes off, making it a "naked seed"- gymnosperm
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Sepal
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outermost circle of flower parts that encloses a bud before it opens and protects the flower while it is developing
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Petal
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brightly colored structure just inside the sepals; attracts insects and other pollinators to a flower
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Pistal
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The female reproductive part of a flower
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Ovary
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in plants, a flower structure that contains one or more ovules from which female gametophytes are produced.
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Style
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(botany) the narrow elongated part of the pistil between the ovary and the stigma
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Stigma
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sticky portion at the top of the style where pollen grains frequently land. Part of a pistil that receives pollen during pollination
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Anther
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the part of the stamen that contains pollen
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Microspores
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produced by small male cones and will develop into male gametophytes or pollen grains
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Polar nuclei
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2 nuclei, within the same cell, created from the mitotic division of the megaspore during angiosperm reproduction; unite in the ovule to form a fusion nucleus, which gives rise to endosperm when fertilized
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Egg (with respect to angiosperms)
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One sperm cell fuses with the egg forming the diploid zygote
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Sperm in angiosperms
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pollen grains inhibit pollen form other males
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Double fertilization
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A mechanism of fertilization in angiosperms, in which two sperm cells unite with two cells in the embryo sac to form the zygote and endosperm.
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Zygote (with respect to angiosperms)
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Diploid. It develops into embryo and becomes sporophyte plant
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Endosperm (with respect to angiosperms)
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Tissue that surrounds and nourishes the embryo in the angiosperm seed
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Seed
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embryo of a living plant that is encased in a protective covering and surrounded by a food supply. Flowering plants
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fruit
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the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant
