Home Page Science Biology Cell Biology Biology study guide: Plants - Flashcards

Biology study guide: Plants – Flashcards

Jennifer Hawkins

7 July 2022

question

Chloroplast

answer

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy. Where photosynthesis takes place.

question

Chlorophyll

answer

green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis

question

Cellulose

answer

chemical compound made out of sugar; forms tangled fibers in the cell walls of many plants and provides structure and support

question

Algae

answer

eukaryotic organisms that convert the sun s energy into food through photosynthesis but that do not have roots, stems, or leaves, and vascular tissue. kingdom Protista.

question

Nonvascular plants

answer

Plants that lack a well-developed system of tubes for transporting water and other materials

question

Vascular plants

answer

plants with tissue that contain tube-like cells which allow water and nutrients to be transported

question

Xylem

answer

the type of tissue in vascular plants that provides support and conducts water and nutrients from the roots

question

Phloem

answer

(botany) tissue that conducts synthesized food substances (e.g., from leaves) to parts where needed

question

Archegonium

answer

a female sex organ occurring in mosses, ferns, and conifers, and most gymnosperms

question

Anteridium

answer

a reproductive structure that produces male sex cells in flowerless or seedless plants

question

Hermaphrodite

answer

an organism that has both male and female reproductive organs

question

Cuticle

answer

A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation to prevent desiccation in terrestrial plants.

question

Stomata

answer

the small openings on the undersides of most leaves through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move

question

Megastrobulus

answer

Pine cone, makes ovum

question

Microstrobulus

answer

Makes pollen grain

question

Megasporocyte

answer

2N- a single cell, which grows in the sporangium. grows and undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid megaspores, one of which will become an egg

question

Microsporocyte

answer

2N- diploid reproductive cells in the stamen (male reproductive part), undergoes meiosis and produces 4 haploid microspores

question

Pollen grain

answer

In seed plants, a structure consisting of the male gametophyte enclosed within a pollen wall.

question

Winged seed (with respect to gymnosperms)

answer

In gymnosperms the covering "winged seed" part comes off, making it a "naked seed"- gymnosperm

question

Sepal

answer

outermost circle of flower parts that encloses a bud before it opens and protects the flower while it is developing

question

Petal

answer

brightly colored structure just inside the sepals; attracts insects and other pollinators to a flower

question

Pistal

answer

The female reproductive part of a flower

question

Ovary

answer

in plants, a flower structure that contains one or more ovules from which female gametophytes are produced.

question

Style

answer

(botany) the narrow elongated part of the pistil between the ovary and the stigma

question

Stigma

answer

sticky portion at the top of the style where pollen grains frequently land. Part of a pistil that receives pollen during pollination

question

Anther

answer

the part of the stamen that contains pollen

question

Microspores

answer

produced by small male cones and will develop into male gametophytes or pollen grains

question

Polar nuclei

answer

2 nuclei, within the same cell, created from the mitotic division of the megaspore during angiosperm reproduction; unite in the ovule to form a fusion nucleus, which gives rise to endosperm when fertilized

question

Egg (with respect to angiosperms)

answer

One sperm cell fuses with the egg forming the diploid zygote

question

Sperm in angiosperms

answer

pollen grains inhibit pollen form other males

question

Double fertilization

answer

A mechanism of fertilization in angiosperms, in which two sperm cells unite with two cells in the embryo sac to form the zygote and endosperm.

question

Zygote (with respect to angiosperms)

answer

Diploid. It develops into embryo and becomes sporophyte plant

question

Endosperm (with respect to angiosperms)

answer

Tissue that surrounds and nourishes the embryo in the angiosperm seed

question

Seed

answer

embryo of a living plant that is encased in a protective covering and surrounded by a food supply. Flowering plants

question

fruit

answer

the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant

1 of

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers

question

Chloroplast

answer

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy. Where photosynthesis takes place.

question

Chlorophyll

answer

green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis

question

Cellulose

answer

chemical compound made out of sugar; forms tangled fibers in the cell walls of many plants and provides structure and support

question

Algae

answer

eukaryotic organisms that convert the sun s energy into food through photosynthesis but that do not have roots, stems, or leaves, and vascular tissue. kingdom Protista.

question

Nonvascular plants

answer

Plants that lack a well-developed system of tubes for transporting water and other materials

question

Vascular plants

answer

plants with tissue that contain tube-like cells which allow water and nutrients to be transported

question

Xylem

answer

the type of tissue in vascular plants that provides support and conducts water and nutrients from the roots

question

Phloem

answer

(botany) tissue that conducts synthesized food substances (e.g., from leaves) to parts where needed

question

Archegonium

answer

a female sex organ occurring in mosses, ferns, and conifers, and most gymnosperms

question

Anteridium

answer

a reproductive structure that produces male sex cells in flowerless or seedless plants

question

Hermaphrodite

answer

an organism that has both male and female reproductive organs

question

Cuticle

answer

A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation to prevent desiccation in terrestrial plants.

question

Stomata

answer

the small openings on the undersides of most leaves through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move

question

Megastrobulus

answer

Pine cone, makes ovum

question

Microstrobulus

answer

Makes pollen grain

question

Megasporocyte

answer

2N- a single cell, which grows in the sporangium. grows and undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid megaspores, one of which will become an egg

question

Microsporocyte

answer

2N- diploid reproductive cells in the stamen (male reproductive part), undergoes meiosis and produces 4 haploid microspores

question

Pollen grain

answer

In seed plants, a structure consisting of the male gametophyte enclosed within a pollen wall.

question

Winged seed (with respect to gymnosperms)

answer

In gymnosperms the covering "winged seed" part comes off, making it a "naked seed"- gymnosperm

question

Sepal

answer

outermost circle of flower parts that encloses a bud before it opens and protects the flower while it is developing

question

Petal

answer

brightly colored structure just inside the sepals; attracts insects and other pollinators to a flower

question

Pistal

answer

The female reproductive part of a flower

question

Ovary

answer

in plants, a flower structure that contains one or more ovules from which female gametophytes are produced.

question

Style

answer

(botany) the narrow elongated part of the pistil between the ovary and the stigma

question

Stigma

answer

sticky portion at the top of the style where pollen grains frequently land. Part of a pistil that receives pollen during pollination

question

Anther

answer

the part of the stamen that contains pollen

question

Microspores

answer

produced by small male cones and will develop into male gametophytes or pollen grains

question

Polar nuclei

answer

question

Egg (with respect to angiosperms)

answer

One sperm cell fuses with the egg forming the diploid zygote

question

Sperm in angiosperms

answer

pollen grains inhibit pollen form other males

question

Double fertilization

answer

A mechanism of fertilization in angiosperms, in which two sperm cells unite with two cells in the embryo sac to form the zygote and endosperm.

question

Zygote (with respect to angiosperms)

answer

Diploid. It develops into embryo and becomes sporophyte plant

question

Endosperm (with respect to angiosperms)

answer

Tissue that surrounds and nourishes the embryo in the angiosperm seed

question

Seed

answer

embryo of a living plant that is encased in a protective covering and surrounded by a food supply. Flowering plants

question

fruit

answer

the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant

Biology study guide: Plants – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards