Biology Module 3 Study Guide – Flashcards
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Pseudopod
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A temporary, foot-like extension of a cell, used for locomotion or engulfing food
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Nucleus
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The region of a eukaryotic cell that contains the cell's main DNA
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Vacuole
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A membrane-bounded "sac" within a cell
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Ectoplasm
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The thin, watery cytoplasm near the plasma membrane of some cells
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Endoplasm
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The dense cytoplasm found in the interior of many cells
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Flagellate
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A protozoan that propels itself with a flagellum
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Pellicle
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A firm, flexible coating outside the plasma membrane
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Chloroplast
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An organelle containing chlorophyll for photosynthesis
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Chlorophyll
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A pigment necessary for photosynthesis
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Eyespot
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A light-sensitive region in certain protozoa
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Symbiosis
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a close relationship between two or more species where at least one benefits
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Mutualism
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a relationship between two or more organisms of different species where all benefit from the association
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Commensalism
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a relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is neither harmed nor benefited
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Parasitism
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A relationship between two organisms of different species where one benefits and the other is harmed
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Cilia
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Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion
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Spore
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A reproductive cell with a hard, protective coating
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Plankton
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Tiny organisms that float in the water
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Zooplankton
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Tiny floating organisms that are either small animals or protozoa
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Phytoplankton
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Tiny floating photosynthetic organisms, primarily algae
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Thallus
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The body of a plant-like organism that is not divided into leaves, roots, or stems
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Cellulose
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A substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many organisms
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Holdfast
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A special structure used by an organism to anchor itself
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Sessile colony
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a colony that uses hold fasts to anchor itself to an object
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Identify: cell is a green transparent blob and has pseudopods
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subkingdom Protozoa, phylum Sarcodina
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Identify: cell is oval, transparent green and has a flagella
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subkingdom Protozoa, phylum Mastigophora
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Identify: cells are red squiggles on a gray background
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Subkingdom Protozoa, Phylum Sporozoa
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Identify: cell is light blue and has cilia
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Subkingdom Protozoa, Phylum Ciliophora
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Identify: cells are hard and green and look like 4-leafed clover
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Subkingdom Algae, phylum Chlorophyta
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Identify: cells look like assorted green shells
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Subkingdom algae, phylum Chrysophyta
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Identify: cell is green with a little pink in the middle
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subkingdom algae, phylum pyrrophyta
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Identify: green seaweed
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subkingdom algae, phylum phaeophyta
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Identify: red seaweed
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subkingdom algae, phylum rhodophyta
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Which of the following genera contain organisms with chloroplasts? Amoeba, Euglena, Paramecium, Spirogyra
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Genera Euglena and Spirogyra
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What is the function of a contractile vacuole? What is the difference between this and a food vacuole?
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A contractile vacuole collects excess water and releases it into the cell's surroundings. It regulates the amount of water in the cell, while the food vacuoles store and hold food.
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What is the difference between endoplasm and ectoplasm?
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They both make up the cytoplasm, but ectoplasm is found near the plasma membrane while endoplasm is denser and is nearer to the center of the cell.
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Name 3 pathogenic organisms from kingdom protista
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Toxoplasma Trypanosoma Plasmodium
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What are the main features that separate organisms into phylum Sporozoa?
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These organisms form spores and have no real means of locomotion
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Why do ciliates have two nuclei?
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They require so much energy that they need one for reproduction and one for controlling metabolism
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What is the difference between the conjugation that occurs in paramecium and that which occurs in bacteria?
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each paramecium transfers DNA to the other, while only 1 bacterium transfers DNA to the other
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Which phylum contains the organisms responsible for most of the photosynthesis on earth?
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phylum Chrysophyta (which contains the dinoflagellates)
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Give the main function for this organelle. Also, choose at least one phylum that has organisms that possess the organelle. Flagellum
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locomotion, phylum Mastigophora
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Give the main function for this organelle. Also, choose at least one phylum that has organisms that possess the organelle. Food vacuole
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stores food. phylum Mastigophora
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Give the main function for this organelle. Also, choose at least one phylum that has organisms that possess the organelle. Contractile vacuole
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removes excess water, releasing pressure. phylum Mastigophora
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Give the main function for this organelle. Also, choose at least one phylum that has organisms that possess the organelle. Pellicle
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retains cell shape. Mastigophora
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Give the main function for this organelle. Also, choose at least one phylum that has organisms that possess the organelle. Chloroplast
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stores chlorophyll. Mastigophora
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Give the main function for this organelle. Also, choose at least one phylum that has organisms that possess the organelle. Eyespot
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detects light. Mastigophora
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Give the main function for this organelle. Also, choose at least one phylum that has organisms that possess the organelle. Cilia
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locomotion. Ciliophora
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Give the main function for this organelle. Also, choose at least one phylum that has organisms that possess the organelle. Nucleus
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contains DNA. Ciliophora
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Give the main function for this organelle. Also, choose at least one phylum that has organisms that possess the organelle. Oral Groove.
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food intake and conjugation. Ciliophora
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What are large deposits of diatom remains called? What are two of its uses?
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Diatomaceous earth. Abrasives and filters
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What is red tide?
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Red tide is an algae bloom of dinoflagellates.
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What substances produced by members of phylum Rhaeophyta is useful for thickening ice cream?
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algin
