Biology II Lecture: Chapter 28 – Flashcards

Plastids that are surrounded by more than two membranes are evidence of A) Origin of the plastids from archaea B) Secondary endosymbiosis C) Evolution from mitochondria D) Fusion of plastids E) Budding of the plastids from the nuclear envelope

Biologists suspect that Indocin biosis give rise to mitochondria before plastids partly because A) Mitochondrial proteins are synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes, where as plastids utilize their own ribosomes. B) All eukaryotes have mitochondria (or their remnants), where as many eukaryotes do not have plastids. C) The products of photosynthesis could not be metabolized without mitochondrial enzymes. D) Without mitochondrial CO2 production, photosynthesis could not occur. E) Mitochondrial DNA is less similar to prokaryotic DNA than is plastid DNA.

Which group is incorrectly paired with its description? A) Diatoms- important producers in aquatic communities B) Diplomonads- protists with modified mitochondria C) Red algae- acquired plastids by secondary endosymbiosis D) Rhizarians- morphologically diverse group defined by DNA similarities E) Apicomplexans- parasites with intricate life cycles

Which protists are in the same eukaryotic supergroup as land plants? A) Brown algae B) Green algae C) Red algae D) Dinoflagellates E) Both red algae and green algae

In life cycles with the alternation of generations, multicellular haploid forms alternate with A) Multicellular polyploid forms B) Unicellular diploid forms C) Multicellular haploid forms D) Unicellular haploid forms E) Multicellular diploid forms

Based on the phylogenetic tree in Figure 28.3 in your textbook, which of the following statements is correct? A) The most recent common ancestor of Excavata is older than that of Chromalveolata. B) The most recent common ancestor of red algae and land plants is older than that of nucleariids and fungi. C) The most basal (first to diverge) eukaryotic supergroup cannot be determined. D) Excavata is the most basal eukaryotic supergroup. E) The most recent common ancestor of Chromalveolata is older than that of Rhizaria.

Why has the kingdom Protista been abandoned? A) Some protists are multicellular. B) The kingdom Protista is polyphyletic. C) Some protists are more closely related to plants, animals, or fungi than they are two other protists. D) Some protists are as small as prokaryotes. E) The second and third answers are correct.

This figure shows the lifecycle of the ciliate Paramecium Caudatum. In this figure, what does the green arrow represent? A) Reproduction B) Both conjugation and reproduction C) Conjugation

Which of the features below are found in all protist lineages? A) Plastids B) Mitochondria C) Organelles that arose by secondary endosymbiosis

Which group of organisms (ciliates, animals, or plants) has the most complex cells? A) Animals B) Plants C) Ciliates

Select the correct statement about photosynthesis by primary producers. A) Cyanobacteria carry out more of the world's photosynthesis than protist do. B) Land plants carry out over 80% of the world's photosynthesis. C) Photosynthetic protists and prokaryotes Carry out the majority of the photosynthesis in aquatic communities.

Which of the following statements supports the hypothesis of an endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria? A) Some algae contain plastids surrounded by for membranes. B) Each mitochondrion one has its own DNA molecule. C) Diplomonads have modified mitochondria called mitosomes.

Which of the following is true of secondary endosymbiosis? A) It is indicated by the presence of a double membrane surrounding the endymbiont. B) An organism containing one endosymbiont engulfs another organism, and that organism becomes an endosymbiont. C) It is indicated by the presence of a nucleomorph. D) An organism containing an endosymbiont is engulfed by another organism and becomes an endosymbiont. E) It is indicated by the presence of a mixotroph.

Which of the following are two groups that are adapted to anaerobic conditions and contain modified mitochondria that lack DNA? A) Dinoflagellates and diatoms B) Chlorophyts and radiolarians C) Apicomplexans and forams D) Gymnamoebas and slime molds E) Diplomonads and parabasalids

A sign on the beach states, "Beach Closed. Red Tide." The organisms interfering with your use of this beach are probably ______. A) Amoebas B) Ciliates C) Diatoms D) Dinoflagellates E) Species of red algae

Which supergroup is currently the most controversial in terms of the hypothesis for its origin? A) The excavates B) The rhizaria C) The unikonts D) The archaeaplastida E) The chromalveolates

Many types of foraminiferans form a symbiotic relationship with ______. A) Algae B) Bacteria C) Seaweed D) Fungi E) Amoebas

Archaeplastids, which include red and green algae and land plants, are thought to have descended from a heterotrophic protest that engulfed a(n) ______. A) Slime mold B) Alpha proteobacterium C) Cyanobacterium D) Apicomplexan E) Arxhaean extremophile

Which of the following is a correct statement about slime molds? A) Cellular slime molds have haploid zygotes. B) Cellular slime molds have fruiting bodies that function in sexual reproduction. C) In plasmodial slime molds, the haploid condition is the dominant part of the life cycle. D) Cellular slime molds form masses when food is scarce, but their cells remain separated. E) Cytoplasmic streaming helps distribute nutrients and oxygen in cellular slime molds.

______ are eukaryotic autotrophs that float near the surface of water and are the basis of the food chain. A) Zooplankton B) Slime molds C) Phytoplankton D) Cyanobacteria E) Symbionts

Coral bleaching, which causes high coral mortality, has been occurring widely in coral reefs. Coral bleaching actually refers to the death of symbiotic dinoflagellates living within the corals. Why does coral bleaching cause the corals to die? A) Dinoflagellates protect the corals from UV radiation. B) Dinoflagellates protect the corals from pathogenic bacteria. C) Dinoflagellates provide nutrients from the products of photosynthesis to the corals in exchange for a safe place to live. D) Dinoflagellates attract zooplankton and other prey that the corals eat. E) Dinoflagellates secrete the calcium carbonate that forms the "exoskeleton" of coral animals.