Biology Final Study Guide: Standardized Test Prep Ch.1-9 – Flashcards

To ensure that a scientific work is free of bias and meets standards set by A. anonymous scientific experts b. the general public C. the researcher's friends D. lawmakers

Which of the following characteristics is NOT shared by both a horse and the grass it eats? A. uses energy B. response to stimulus C. movement from place to place D. stable internal environment

Which of the following statements about a scientific theory is NOT true? A. It has the same meaning in science as it does in daily life B. It enables scientists to make accurate predictions about new situations C. Scientific theories tie many hypotheses together D. It is based on a large body of evidence

A bird-watcher sees an unusual bird at a feeder. He takes careful notes on the bird's color, shape, and other physical features and then goes to a reference book to see if he can identify the species. What aspect of scientific thinking is mos apparent in this situation? A. observation B. inference C. hypothesis formation D. controlled experimentation

Unlike sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction involves A. two cells B. two parents C. one parent D. one nonliving thing

One meter is equal to A. 1000 millimeters B. 1 millimeter C. 10 kilometers D. 1 milliliter

A group of individuals that belong to a single species and that live together in a defined area is termed a(n) A. population B. ecosystem C. community D. biome

Which of the following is NOT true about matter in the biosphere? A. Matter is recycled in the biosphere B. Biogeochemical cycles transform and reuse molecules C. The total amount of matter decreases over time D. Water and nutrients pass between organisms and the environment

Which is a source of energy for Earth's living things? A. wind energy only B. sunlight only C. wind energy and sunlight D. sunlight and chemical energy

Which of the following is a primary producer? A. algae B. a lion C. a human D. an earthworm

Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels, move carbon through the carbon cycle. Which other processes also participate in the carbon cycle? A. biological processes only B. geochemical processes only C. chemical processes only D. a combination of biological, geological, and chemical processes

What are the physical, or nonliving components of an ecosystem called? A. abiotic factors B. temperate conditions C. biotic factors D. antibiotic factors

The factor that generally has the greatest effect on determining a region's climate is EXCEPT A. latitude B. longitude C. solar energy D. ocean currents

The way an organism makes its living, including its interactions with biotic and abiotic factors of its environment, is called the organism's A. habitat B. niche C. lifestyle D. biome

If a newly introduced species fills a niche that is normally occupied by a native species the two species compete. One of the species may die out as a result of A. competitive exclusion B. predation. C. commensalism D. mutualism

Photosynthetic algae are MOST likely to be found in A. the open-ocean benthic zone B. the aphotic zone C. the photic zone D. ocean trenches

The water in an estuary is A. salt water only B. poor in nutrients C. fresh water only D. a mixture of fresh water and salt water

In which biome do organisms have the greatest tolerance to dry conditions? A. tundra B. desert C. tropical savanna D. boreal forest

The movement of individuals into an area is called A. immigration B. emigration C. population growth rate D. population density

Which of the following is NOT an example of a density-dependent limiting factor? A. natural disaster B. predator C. competition D. disease

A population like that of the United States with an age structure of roughly equal numbers in each of the age groups can be predicted to A. grow rapidly B. grow little for a generation and then grow rapidly C. fall slowly and steadily over many decades D. show slow and steady growth for some time into the future

In the presence of unlimited resources and in the absence of disease and predation ,what would probably happen to a bacterial population? A. Logistic growth B. exponential growth C. endangerment D. extinction

Which of the following statements best describes human population growth? A. The growth rate has remained constant over time B. Growth continues to increase at the same rate C. Growth has been exponential in the last few hundred years D. Birthrate equals death rate

Which of the following refers to when a population's birthrate equals its death rate? A. limiting factor B. carrying capacity C. exponential growth D. population denstiy

Which of the following statements about renewable resources is TRUE? A. They are only found in tropical climates B. They can never be depleted C. They are replaceable by natural means D. They regenerate very quickly

Which of the following is a nonrenewable resource? A. wind B. fresh water C. coal D. topsoil

Which of the following is NOT a direct effect of deforestation? A. decreased productivity of the ecosystem B. soil erosion C. biological magnification D. habitat destruction

The total variety of organisms in the biosphere is called A. biodiversity B. species diversity C. ecosystem diversity D. genetic diversity

Ozone is made up of A. hydrogen B. oxygen C. nitrogen D. chlorine

Ozone depletion in the atmosphere has been caused by A. monoculture B. CFCs C. suburban sprawl D. soil erosion

In a food chain, concentrations of harmful substances increase in higher trophic levels in a process is known as A. biological magnification B. genetic drift C. biological succession D. pesticide resistance

Animal cells have all of the following Except A. mitochondria B.chloroplasts C. a nucleus D. a cell membrane

The nucleus includes all of the following structures EXCEPT A. cytoplasm B. a nuclear envelope C. DNA D. a nucleolus

The human brain is an example of a(n) A. cell B. tissue C. organ D. organ system

Which cell structures are sometimes found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum? A. chloroplasts B. nuclei C. mitochondria D. ribosomes

Which process always involves the movement of materials from inside the cell to outside the cell? A. phagocytosis B. excocytosis C. endocytosis D. osmosis

Which of the following is an example of active transport? A. facilitated diffusion B. osmosis C. diffusion D. endocytosis

The difference between prokaryote and eukaryotic cells involves the presence of A. a nucleus B. genetic material in the form of DNA C. chloroplasts D. a cell membrane

Autotrophs differ from heterotrophs because they A. utilize oxygen to burn food B. do not require oxygen to live C. make carbon dioxide as a product of using food D. make their own food from carbon dioxide and water

The principal pigment in plants is A. chlorophyll B. oxygen C. ATP D. NADPH

Which of the following is NOT produced in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis A. NADPH B. Sugars C. Hydrogen ions D. ATP

Which of the following correctly summarizes the process of photosynthesis? A. H2O+CO2 light--> sugars+ O2 B. sugars+O2 light--> H2O+CO2 C. H2O+ O2 light--> sugars+ CO2 D. sugars+ CO2 light--> H2O+O2

The color of light that is LEAST useful to a plant during photosynthesis is A. red B. blue C. green D. violet

In a typical plant, all of the following factors are necessary for photosynthesis EXCEPT A. chlorophyll B. light C. oxygen D. water

The first step in photosynthesis is the A. synthesis of water B. production of oxygen C. breakdown of carbon dioxide D. absorption of light energy

What raw materials are needed for cellular respiration? A. glucose and carbon dioxide B. glucose and oxygen C. carbon dioxide and oxygen D. oxygen and lactic acid

During the Krebs cycle A. hydrogen ions and oxygen form water B. the cell releases a small amount of energy through fermentation C. each glucose molecule is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid D. pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of reactions

Which substance is needed to begin the process of glycolysis? A. ATP B. NADP C. pyruvic acid D. carbon dioxide

The human body can use all of the following as energy sources EXCEPT A. ATP in muscles B. glycolysis C. lactic acid fermentation D. alccholic fermentation

During cellular respiration, which of the following are released as byproducts? A. CO2 and O2 B. H2O and O2 C. O2 and H2O D. CO2 and H2O

Which of the following is an aerobic process? A. the Krebs cycle B. glycolysis C. alcoholic fermentation D. lactic acid fermentation