Biology Exam.!!! – Flashcards
Flashcard maker : Brooke Sharp
a female’s ovaries release about how many mature eggs in her lifetime?
400
situations in which one allele for a gene is not completely dominant over another allele for that gene are called
incomplete dominance
which statement is part of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection?
more offspring are produced than can possibly survive
water will move higher in a narrow glass tube than it will move in a wide glass tube because of
capillary action
menstruation does not occur if the
egg is fertilized
which of the following techniques can scientists use to determine how the DNA of several species might indicate the species are related?
cladistic analysis
in biology, a trait that arose in an ancestor and is passed along to its descendants is referred to as a
derived character
many cacti, such as saguaros and barrel cacti, have large stems and no leaves. What function of leaves is taken on by the stems of such cacti?
they produce food by photosynthesis
what does figure 13-2 show?
the genetic code
a farmer sprays insecticide on his crops to kill unwanted insects. Most of the insects die, and the chemicals have the effect of damaging the DNA of the insects that are not killed. Which of these has happened?
mutations have arisen that may have altered allele frequencies
which of the following is NOT a reason green algae are classified as plants?
they are single-celled organisms
in figure 23-3, which letter points to the structure through which water is lost during transpiration?
E
look at figure 23-3, which letters indicate cells in which a large number of chloroplasts would likely be found?
B and C
figure 20-1 shows the structure of
a bacterium
the outer covering of a plant consists of
dermal tissue
in the punnett square shown in figure 11-1, which of the following is true about the offspring resulting from the cross?
all are expected to be tall
which is a major concept included in Lamrack’s evolutionary hypothesis?
body structures can change according to the actions of the organism
which advantage of having the cell’s DNA bundled into seperate chromosomes is illustrated in figure 10-1 above?
during cell division, each daughter cell will get the same numbers of genes
the process by which a cell divides into two daughter cell is called
cell division
there are 64 codons and 20 amino acids. Which of the following is true?
several different codons can specify the same amino acid
the domain that corresponds to the kingdom Eubacteria is
bacteria
which one of these facts about mitochondria and chloroplasts constitutes support for the endosymbiotic theory?
they are organelles that are found within plant cells
Rosalind Franklin contributed to the understanding of DNA by
producing images of DNA molecules X-rays
the length of time required for half of the radioactive atioms in a sample to decay is its
half life
Charles Darwin’s observation that finches of different species on the Galapagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these finches
descended from a common ancestor
based on their names, you know that the baboons Papio annubis and Papio cynocephalus do NOT belong to the same
species
according to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have
variations best suited to environmental conditions
what is the basic difference between a sporophyte and a gametophyte?
a sporophyte is part of the diploid phase while a gametophyte is part of the haploid phase of the plant life cycle
put the following events in the order in which they occur at the beginning of puberty
3, 1, 4, 2
what is true about dissimilar organisms such as a cow and a yeast
their degree of relatedness can be estimated from their genes
mass extinction would most likely result from which of the following events?
global temperatures drop several degrees after several massive volcanic eruptions
species Y and Z have very different genes. Species A and B have only a few different genes. What is most likely true about these species?
species A and B are more closely related to each other than species Y and Z are to each other
for the pedigree in figure 14-6, shaded symbols represent afflicted people. Males are squares, females are circles. If the trait is a sex-linked carried on the x-chromosome, what is true about the mother represented by circle 1?
she has one allele for the disorder
what is one reason that vascular plants are larger than nonvascular plants?
vascular tissue carries water nutrients much more efficiently than can be carried by diffusion
what three materials make up many viruses?
proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids
the number of seed leaves (cotelyedons) distinquishes
two groups of angiosperms
cancer cells form masses of cells called
tumors
which of the following is NOT a phase of in the menstrual cycle?
fertilization
if nondisjuction occurs during meiosis,
some gametes may have an extra copy of some genes
what enzyme works to add DNA to ends of chromosomes in rapidly dividing cells such as those found on an embryo, to prevent genes from being lost during replication?
telomerase
which of the following are areas of unspecialized cells in which mitosis produces new cells that are ready for differentiation?
meristems
babies usually cry when they first meet the outside world. In what way is this crying helpful?
it rids the baby’s lungs of fluid
one of the three main functions of stems is to
carry water and nutrients between roots and leaves
for mant species, there are often regional differences in their
common names
what is shown in figure 11-4?
crossing-over
the flat structure of a leaf blade enables its function as a photosynthesis organ by
exposing a greater surface area to capture energy from sunlight
during primary growth, a stem
increases in length
which of the following is NOT a function of auxins?
promoting the growth of lateral buds
seed-bearing plants differ from all other plants in that
their gametes do not require water fertilization to occur
in most plants, which organs are adapted to capture sunlight for photosynthesis?
leaves
in figure 12-5, what is adding base pairs to the strand?
DNA polymerase
which hormones stimulate the gonads to mature?
FSH and LH
Escherichia coli is classified as a
bacterium
a seed that is dispersed to an area far away from the parent plant will always face less
competition with the parent plants
what is occuring in step 1 figure 34-3
ovulation
in which structure in figure 34-3 is fertilization occuring?
fallopian tube
which of the following will NOT prevent many bacterial infections?
allowing foods to cool completely before refrigerating
which are the two highest level taxa in the Linnaean system?
phylum and kingdom
when farmers select animals or plants to use for breeding, they look for
natural variations that are present in a species
which kingdom contains heterotrophs with cell walls of chitin?
fungi
biologists in darwin’s time had already begun to understand that living things change over time. How did Darwin contribute to these ideas?
he figured out and explained how these changes happened and supported his ideas with evidence
which of the following statements is true?
a colorblind girl’s father must be colorblind
most of the photosynthesis in plants takes place in the
mesophyll
the first phase of mitosis is called
interphase
vascular tissue in plants consists of
xylem and phloem
during DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases
GATCCA
gene regulation in eukaryotes
allows for cell specialization
which of the following combinations of sex chromosomes represents a female?
XX
Lamarck’s ideas about evolution include the concept that differences among the traits of organisms arise as a result of
the actions of organisms as they use or fail to use body structures
on the galapagos islands, Charles Darwin observed
species similar to mainland south american species
chromosomes form tetrads during
prophase 1 of meiosis
what is the source of ethylene gas in a plant
fruit tissues
organisms that have two identical alleles for a particular trait are said to be
homozygous
which of the following statements correctly describes Chargaff’s contribution to the study of DNA?
Chargaff showed that adenine and thymine were found in egual percentages in DNA but he did not know this was because of base-pairing
oxygen and carbon dioxide move in and out of a leaf through the
stomata
a plant’s cotyledons
store nutrients and transfers them to the embryo during germination
which would be greater in a eukaryote than in a prokaryote?
the number of replication forks on a strand of DNA
in humans, the pelvis and femur, or thigh bone, are involved in walking. In whales, the pelvis and femur are
vestigial structures
gametes have
one allele for each gene
in bryophytes, whichc of the following structures is like a root?
rhizoid
which of the following groups of plants contains species that do not undergo alternation of generations?
green algae
which of the following is NOT part of the female structure of a flower?
filament
in figure 23-2, what letter indicates the tissue in which the products of photoshynthesis are stored?
C
which of the following happens when a cell divides?
each daughter cell receives its own copy of the parent cell’s DNA
in both prokaryotes and eurkaryotes , how many copies of the chromosome are left after replication?
2
which of the following represents the phases of mitosis in their proper sequence?
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
what kind of anaysis focuses on the order in which derived characters appeared in organisms?
cladistic analysis
the growth of plant seedlings is usually
photoropic and gravitropic
bacteria that cause disease are called
pathogens
bacteriophages infect
bacteria
a frog uses its salivary glands to aid in the digestion of food
false
mesentery tissue helps keeep the frogs organs in place
true
the frog has a four chambered heart just like ours
false
the frog’s mazillary teeth are used for crushing and grinding food
false
the glottis controls the movement of air from the mouth to the lungs
true
the frog’s diaphragm is a flat muscles that seperates the abdominal cavity
false
urine will pass through the CLOACA due to gravity
true
the frog’s eustachian tubes lead to the
ears
where is the frog’s tongue positioned?
front of mouth
the frog’s lungs are not as efficient as ours. They also use _____ to get oxygen
skin