Biology Chapter 4 Cells & Energy Vocab – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
(4.1)
answer
Chemical Energy & ATP⬇
question
ATP (Energy)
answer
A molecule that transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell processes. Transfers energy to cell processes. TRIphosphate- tri; 3
question
ADP
answer
A lower-energy molecule that can be converted into ATP by the addition of a phosphate group. DIphosphate- di; 2
question
Chemosynthesis
answer
A process by which some organisms use chemical energy instead of light energy to make energy-storing carbon-based molecules.
question
(4.2)
answer
Overview of Photosynthesis⬇
question
Photosynthesis
answer
A process that captures energy from sunlight to make sugars that store chemical energy.
question
Chlorophyll
answer
A molecule in chloroplasts that absorbs some of the energy in visible light. Plants have 2 types of chlorophyll: chlorophyll a & chlorophyll b.
question
Thylakoids
answer
Grana are stacks of coin-shaped, membrane-enclosed compartments (thylakoids). Membranes of the thylakoids contain chlorophyll, other light-absorbing molecules, & proteins.
question
Light-Dependent Reactions
answer
Capture energy from sunlight.
question
Light-Independent Reactions
answer
Use energy from the light-dependent reactions to make sugars.
question
(4.3)
answer
Photosynthesis in Detail⬇
question
Photosystems
answer
During the light-dependent reactions, energy is captured & transferred in the thylakoid membranes by 2 groups of molecules called photosystems. 2 photosystems; photosystem I & photosystem II.
question
Electron Transport Chain
answer
A series of proteins in the membrane of the thylakoid. High-energy electrons leave the chlorophyll and enter an electron transport chain.
question
ATP Synthase
answer
Enzyme that catalyzes the reaction that adds a high-energy phosphate group tp ADP to form ATP.
question
Calvin Cycle
answer
Process by which a photosynthetic organism uses energy to synthesize simple sugars from CO2. The chemical reactions of the Calvin Cycle use carbon dioxide (CO2) gas from the atmosphere and the energy carried by ATP & NADPH to make simple sugars.
question
(4.4)
answer
Overview of Cellular Respiration⬇
question
Cellular Respiration
answer
Releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon-based molecules to make ATP when oxygen is present. Cellular Respiration is an AEROBIC process, which means it needs oxygen to take place. CR takes place in the Mitochondria, cell's "powerhouses" (they make most of a cell's ATP).
question
Glycolysis
answer
Splits glucose into 2 3-carbon molecules & makes 2 molecules of ATP. Glycolysis is an ANAEROBIC process because it does not need oxygen to take place.
question
Krebs Cycle
answer
Produces molecules that carry energy to the 2nd part of cellular respiration. Also, named for the scientist who discovered this process, takes place in the interior space, or matrix, of the mitochondrion.
question
(4.6)
answer
Fermentation⬇
question
Fermentation
answer
An anaerobic process that allows glucose to continue. Does not make ATP, but it allows glucose to continue. Removes electrons from NADH molecules and recycles NAD+ molecules for glycolysis.
question
Lactic Acid
answer
C3H6O3 is what causes your muscles to "burn" during hard exercise.
