Biology Chapter 22 – Flashcards
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Charles Darwin was the first person to propose _______
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a mechanism for evolution that was supported by evidence.
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Which of these conditions should completely prevent the occurrence of natural selection in a population over time?
A) All variation between individuals is due only to environmental factors.
B) The environment is changing at a relatively slow rate.
C) The population size is large.
D) The population lives in a habitat where there are no competing species present.
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A) All variation between individuals is due only to environmental factors.
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Natural selection is based on all of the following except
A) genetic variation exists within populations.
B) the best-adapted individuals tend to leave the most offspring.
C) individuals who survive longer tend to leave more offspring than those who die young.
D) populations tend to produce more individuals than the environment can support.
E) individuals adapt to their environments and, thereby, evolve.
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E) individuals adapt to their environments and, thereby, evolve.
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What must exist in a population before natural selection can act upon that population?
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genetic variation among individuals
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Adaptation
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Inherited characteristic of an organism that enhances its survival and reproduction in specific environments
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Natural Selection
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Process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than are organism with other characteristics
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Population
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A localized group of individuals that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
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Lamarck's Hypothesis
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Species evolve through use and disuse of body parts and the inheritance of acquired characteristics
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Is Lamarck's hypothesis supported by evidence?
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No
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What are Darwin's two main ideas
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1. Descent with modification explains life's unity and diversity (explains diversity)
2. Natural selection is a cause of adaptive evolution (causes the change)
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Observation #1
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Members of a population often vary greatly in their traits
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Observation #2
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Traits are inherited from parents to offspring
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Observation #3
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All species are capable of producing more offspring than the environment can support
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Observation #4
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Owing to lack of food or other resources, many of these offspring do not survive
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Can natural selection result in new species?
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Yes
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Do individuals evolve?
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No populations evolve over time
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Natural selection can only increase or decrease _______ traits in a population
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heritable
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How does HIV use the enzyme reverse transcriptase?
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To make a DNA version of its own RNA genome
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3TC
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A drug designed to interfere and cause errors in the manufacture of DNA from the virus
