Biology Chapter 10 Test Questions – Flashcards

question
A healthy young couple are both carriers of cystic fibrosis, the chance that each of their future children will inherit this serious illness is:
answer
25%
question
A portion of DNA that encodes a specific protein is:
answer
A Gene
question
Gametes may carry different combinations of alleles because of:
answer
Crossing over and random alignment of chromosomes
question
Genotype means:
answer
The combination of alleles in an individual
question
Linked genes, by definition, are genes that:
answer
Are found on the same chromosome
question
The fact that the two alleles of each gene are packaged into separate gametes; that they move apart from each other during gamete formation is Mendel's:
answer
Law of segregation
question
Homologous chromosomes have:
answer
the same genes but can have different alleles
question
If the two alleles for a particular gene are identical the gene pair is
answer
homozygous
question
If the two alleles for a particular gene are different the gene pair is
answer
heterozygous
question
If an individual is heterozygous for a particular trait
answer
Each parent contributed a different allele for that trait
question
If an individual is homozygous for a particular trait
answer
each parent contributed the same allele for that trait.
question
Phenotype means:
answer
the observable expression of the genes in an individual.
question
Two alleles of each gene are packaged into separate gametes and they move apart from each other during gamete formation summarizes Mendel's
answer
Law of segregation
question
Recombinant chromosomes have a mix of paternal and maternal alleles due to
answer
Cross over
question
The chromosome that determines human gender is
answer
the Y chromosome
question
Expression of X chromosome in males expresses
answer
Both the dominant and recessive alleles on his X chromosome.
question
correct order in which they occur: fertilization, haploid gametes produced, meiosis of diploid cell, and new diploid organism formed.
answer
meiosis of diploid cell, haploid gametes produced, fertilization, new diploid organism formed
question
The wide variation in skin color in humans is best explained by
answer
Skin color is a polygenic traits.
question
Evolution
answer
The genetic change in a population over time.
question
According to Darwin, natural selection usually:
answer
Preserves favorable variations and rejects harmful variations in a population
question
The relatively short term changes in allele frequencies within a species or population is:
answer
Microevolution
question
The entire collection of genes and their alleles is a population's:
answer
Gene pool
question
The mode of natural selection in which one extreme phenotype is fittest and the environment selects against the others is:
answer
Directional selection
question
Darwin made which observation while on his four- year voyage on the Beagle?
answer
Organisms are varied and some variations are inherited
question
Babies that are at a low birth weight are more likely to have health problems, while women will have difficulty delivering babies with high birth weight. Together this leads to ______ for babies of average birth weight.
answer
Stabilizing selection
question
Natural selection acts on
answer
Individuals
question
The founder effect occurs when
answer
small groups of individuals leave their home population and establish new settlements, mating only among themselves.
question
A gradual change from an ancestral type was referred to by Darwin as
answer
descent with modification.
question
An organisms phenotype is
answer
Its observable properties
question
The mode of natural selection in which two or more extreme phenotypes are fitter than the intermediate phenotype is
answer
disruptive selection.
question
Individuals whose red blood cells are the correct shape and are able to resist malaria have a better chance of reaching reproductive age. This is known as
answer
heterozygote advantage.
question
At Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
answer
allele frequencies remain constant from one generation to the next so evolution does not occur.
question
Darwin obtained which of the following in the Essay on the Principle of Population by Malthus?
answer
More individuals of a population are born than survive to reproduce.
question
Darwin concluded from his observations of nature and readings that
answer
individuals compete with one another for limited resources and only the fittest reproduce.
question
The bottleneck effect
answer
occurs when many members of a population die, resulting in a great loss of genetic diversity.
question
Evolution cannot occur in
answer
a single organism.
question
Farmers and horticulturalists bred broccoli, cauliflower, kale, and cabbage from the wild mustard plant through _____.
answer
artificial selection
question
The few ancestors of the Galapagos finches who colonized the islands is an example of
answer
founder effect
question
Why do different mutations accumulate in two species once they diverge?
answer
Because they can no longer mate and swap the mutation
question
The observation that most aquatic animals, like fish, penguins, and whales all have streamlined bodies and fins or flippers for steering are a result of:
answer
Convergent evolution
question
The number of differences between human cytochrome c and cytochrome c of some other organisms is as follows: Rhesus monkey - 1 difference; Pigeon - 12 differences; Fruit fly - 24 differences. The order in which these species are most similar to humans is:
answer
Rhesus monkey, pigeon, fruit fly
question
f similarities between two structures in different organisms reflect common ancestry, these structures are:
answer
Homologous
question
The abundant remains of ammonites in Oklahoma indicate
answer
that Oklahoma was in the past covered by a shallow ocean.
question
Earth once consisted of a single large landmass and one ocean. The landmass is named
answer
Pangaea
question
The wings of a bat and an insect are examples of
answer
analogous structures.
question
The femur in a snake and pelvis in a whale are examples of
answer
vestigial structures.
question
A fossil is defined as any evidence of an organism from
answer
at least 10,000 years ago.
question
A gene that when mutated leads to organisms with structures in abnormal places is termed
answer
homeotic.
question
Which of the following is most likely to be preserved as a fossil?
answer
a Bone or a shell
question
Amphibians, birds, and mammals look the most similar as _____.
answer
embryos
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question
A healthy young couple are both carriers of cystic fibrosis, the chance that each of their future children will inherit this serious illness is:
answer
25%
question
A portion of DNA that encodes a specific protein is:
answer
A Gene
question
Gametes may carry different combinations of alleles because of:
answer
Crossing over and random alignment of chromosomes
question
Genotype means:
answer
The combination of alleles in an individual
question
Linked genes, by definition, are genes that:
answer
Are found on the same chromosome
question
The fact that the two alleles of each gene are packaged into separate gametes; that they move apart from each other during gamete formation is Mendel's:
answer
Law of segregation
question
Homologous chromosomes have:
answer
the same genes but can have different alleles
question
If the two alleles for a particular gene are identical the gene pair is
answer
homozygous
question
If the two alleles for a particular gene are different the gene pair is
answer
heterozygous
question
If an individual is heterozygous for a particular trait
answer
Each parent contributed a different allele for that trait
question
If an individual is homozygous for a particular trait
answer
each parent contributed the same allele for that trait.
question
Phenotype means:
answer
the observable expression of the genes in an individual.
question
Two alleles of each gene are packaged into separate gametes and they move apart from each other during gamete formation summarizes Mendel's
answer
Law of segregation
question
Recombinant chromosomes have a mix of paternal and maternal alleles due to
answer
Cross over
question
The chromosome that determines human gender is
answer
the Y chromosome
question
Expression of X chromosome in males expresses
answer
Both the dominant and recessive alleles on his X chromosome.
question
correct order in which they occur: fertilization, haploid gametes produced, meiosis of diploid cell, and new diploid organism formed.
answer
meiosis of diploid cell, haploid gametes produced, fertilization, new diploid organism formed
question
The wide variation in skin color in humans is best explained by
answer
Skin color is a polygenic traits.
question
Evolution
answer
The genetic change in a population over time.
question
According to Darwin, natural selection usually:
answer
Preserves favorable variations and rejects harmful variations in a population
question
The relatively short term changes in allele frequencies within a species or population is:
answer
Microevolution
question
The entire collection of genes and their alleles is a population's:
answer
Gene pool
question
The mode of natural selection in which one extreme phenotype is fittest and the environment selects against the others is:
answer
Directional selection
question
Darwin made which observation while on his four- year voyage on the Beagle?
answer
Organisms are varied and some variations are inherited
question
Babies that are at a low birth weight are more likely to have health problems, while women will have difficulty delivering babies with high birth weight. Together this leads to ______ for babies of average birth weight.
answer
Stabilizing selection
question
Natural selection acts on
answer
Individuals
question
The founder effect occurs when
answer
small groups of individuals leave their home population and establish new settlements, mating only among themselves.
question
A gradual change from an ancestral type was referred to by Darwin as
answer
descent with modification.
question
An organisms phenotype is
answer
Its observable properties
question
The mode of natural selection in which two or more extreme phenotypes are fitter than the intermediate phenotype is
answer
disruptive selection.
question
Individuals whose red blood cells are the correct shape and are able to resist malaria have a better chance of reaching reproductive age. This is known as
answer
heterozygote advantage.
question
At Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
answer
allele frequencies remain constant from one generation to the next so evolution does not occur.
question
Darwin obtained which of the following in the Essay on the Principle of Population by Malthus?
answer
More individuals of a population are born than survive to reproduce.
question
Darwin concluded from his observations of nature and readings that
answer
individuals compete with one another for limited resources and only the fittest reproduce.
question
The bottleneck effect
answer
occurs when many members of a population die, resulting in a great loss of genetic diversity.
question
Evolution cannot occur in
answer
a single organism.
question
Farmers and horticulturalists bred broccoli, cauliflower, kale, and cabbage from the wild mustard plant through _____.
answer
artificial selection
question
The few ancestors of the Galapagos finches who colonized the islands is an example of
answer
founder effect
question
Why do different mutations accumulate in two species once they diverge?
answer
Because they can no longer mate and swap the mutation
question
The observation that most aquatic animals, like fish, penguins, and whales all have streamlined bodies and fins or flippers for steering are a result of:
answer
Convergent evolution
question
The number of differences between human cytochrome c and cytochrome c of some other organisms is as follows: Rhesus monkey - 1 difference; Pigeon - 12 differences; Fruit fly - 24 differences. The order in which these species are most similar to humans is:
answer
Rhesus monkey, pigeon, fruit fly
question
f similarities between two structures in different organisms reflect common ancestry, these structures are:
answer
Homologous
question
The abundant remains of ammonites in Oklahoma indicate
answer
that Oklahoma was in the past covered by a shallow ocean.
question
Earth once consisted of a single large landmass and one ocean. The landmass is named
answer
Pangaea
question
The wings of a bat and an insect are examples of
answer
analogous structures.
question
The femur in a snake and pelvis in a whale are examples of
answer
vestigial structures.
question
A fossil is defined as any evidence of an organism from
answer
at least 10,000 years ago.
question
A gene that when mutated leads to organisms with structures in abnormal places is termed
answer
homeotic.
question
Which of the following is most likely to be preserved as a fossil?
answer
a Bone or a shell
question
Amphibians, birds, and mammals look the most similar as _____.
answer
embryos
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