Biology Chapter 10 Vocabulary Sexual Reproduction and Genetics – Flashcards
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Allele
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Alternative form that a single gene may have for a particular trait.
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Crossing over
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Exchange of chromosomal segments between a pair of homologous chromosomes during prophase i of meisois.
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Diploid
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Cell with two copies of each chromosome (2n).
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Diploid
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Cell with two copies of each chromosome (2n).
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Dominant
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Mendels name for a specific trait that appeared in the f1 generation.
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Fertilization
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Process by which haploid gametes combine, forming a diploid cell with 2n chromosomes, with n chromosomes from the female parent and n chromosomes from the male parent.
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Gamete
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A haploid sex cell, formed during meiosis, that can combine with another haploid sex cell and produce a diploid fertilized egg.
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Gene
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Functional unit that controls inherited trait expression that is passed on from one generation to another generation.
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Genetic recombination
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New combination of genes produced by crossing over and independent assortment.
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Genetics
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Science of heredity.
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Genotype
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An organisms allele pairs.
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Haploid
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Cell with half the number of chromosomes (n) as a diploid (2n) cell.
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Heterozygous
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Organism with two different alleles for a specific trait.
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Homologous chromosomes
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One of two paired chromosomes, one from each parent, that carries genes for a specific trait at the same location.
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Homozygous
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Organism with two of the same alleles for a specific trait.
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Hybrid
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Organism heterozygous for a specific trait.
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Law of independent assortment
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Mendelian law stating that a random distribution of alleles occurs during the formation of gametes.
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Law of segregation
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Mendelian law stating that two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis.
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Meiosis
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Reduction division process, occurring only in reproductive cells, in which one diploid (2n) cell produces four haploid (n) cells that are not genetically identical.
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Phenotype
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Observable characteristic that is expressed as a result of an allele pair.
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Polyploidy
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Having one or more extra sets of all chromosomes, which, in polyploid plants, can often result in greater size and better growth and survival.
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Recessive
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Mendels name for a specific trait hidden or masked in the f1 generation.
