question

the person who made the most lasting impression on the science of genetics is

answer

Gregor Mender

question

If a healthy young couple are both carriers of cystic fibrosis, the chance that each of their future children will inherit this serious illness is

answer

25%

question

A portion of DNA that encodes a specific protein is

answer

a gene

question

Alternate forms of the same gene are called

answer

alleles

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In humans, alleles are inherited from

answer

males and females(one alleles from each parent)

question

All gametes contain

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one set of chromosome

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The pea plant (Pisum sativum) is a good choice for studying heredity because it

answer

is easy to control which plants mate with each other

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Mendel called a masking trait

answer

dominant

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Mendel called a trait that is masked

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recessive

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An allele that exerts its effects whenever it is present is

answer

dominant

question

When Mendel crossed short (tt) pea plants the offspring

answer

were all short

question

When Mendel crossed tall(TT) plants with the tall (Tt) plants the offspring

answer

were mostly tall individuals and a few short individuals.

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If the two alleles for a particular gene are identical the gene pair is

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homozygous

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If the two alleles for a particular gene are different the gene pair is

answer

heterozygous

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If an individual is heterozygous for a particular trait

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each parent contributed a different allele for that trait

question

If an individual is homozygous for a particular trait

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each parent contributed the same allele for that trait

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Recessive alleles seem to vanish in some generations and reappear in later generations because

answer

they are masked by a dominant allele

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Genotype means

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the combination of alleles in an individual

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Phenotype means

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the observable expression of the genes in an individual

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The most common or allele for a gene in a population is referred to as

answer

a wild type

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The "P" in P generation refers to

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parental

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In the study of genetics the offspring of the P generation is referred to as the

answer

F1 generation

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A pea plant with (Tt) as its genotype should be referred to as

answer

heterozygous

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A monohybrid cross is a mating between two individuals that are both

answer

heterozygous for one gene

question

If a scientist wants to perform a monohybrid cross for stem length in pea plants, which is the following crosses should be performend?

answer

Tt x Tt

question

Mendel's monohybrid cross of tall parents with the genotype Tt resulted in a tall to short ratio of

answer

3:1

question

Any monohybrid cross consisting of one dominant and one recessive allele for the trait studied should result in a ratio of ______________ dominant to __________________ recessive.

answer

three, one

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A test cross is a mating of an individual with an unknown genotype and an individual that

answer

is homozygous recessive

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If all the offspring show the dominant phenotype in a test cross, then the individual with the unknown genotype was:

answer

homozygous

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Two alleles of each gene are packaged into separate gametes and they move apart from each other during gamete formation summarizes Mendel's

answer

law of segregation

question

A dihybrid cross is a mating between two individuals that are each ______________ for ___________ gene (genes).

answer

heterozygous, two

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The segregation of alleles for a gene on one chromosome that does not influence the segregation of alleles for a gene on another chromosome during meiosis is Mendel's

answer

law of independent assortment

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In the ABO blood type system the alleles IA, IB and i produce

answer

four phenotypes

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In the ABO blood type system, the IA allele is _____ with the IB allele.

answer

codominant

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If the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between the homozygotes, this is called

answer

incomplete dominance

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A gene that produces a protein important in more than one biochemical pathway is

answer

pleiotropic

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Traits that depend on more than one gene are

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polygenic

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Autosomes

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are chromosomes that are the same for both sexes.

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Linked genes, by definition, are genes that

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are found on the same chromosome

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If any of the traits that Mendel worked with were linked genes, his dihybrid crosses

answer

would have different results.

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A dihybrid cross of linked genes theoretically gives a phenotypic ratio of

answer

3:1

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Recombinant chromosomes have a mix of paternal and maternal alleles due to

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crossing over.

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Crossing over is more likely to separate genes on a chromosome if they are

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far apart

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Diagrams of gene order and spacing on chromosomes are

answer

linkage maps.

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To inherit an autosomal dominant disorder a person could receive the disease causing allele from

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the mother or the father

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To inherit an autosomal recessive disorder requires the person receive the disease causing allele from

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both parents

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A person has a recessive allele for a disease but the allele is masked by the presence of a normal dominant allele in the person. This person

answer

is termed a carrier

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Diagrams depicting family relationships and phenotypes for a genetic disorder are

answer

pedigree charts

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In pedigree charts, autosomal dominant disorders typically

answer

appear in every generation.

question

In pedigree charts, autosomal recessive disorders typically

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seem to disappear in one generation, only to reappear in the next generation.

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If a genetic counselor examines a pedigree chart and notices an occurence of a disease in every generation, the counselor would assume that the disease was caused by

answer

an autosomal dominant disorder.

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The chromosome that determines human gender is

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the Y chromosomes

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A male expresses

answer

both the dominant and recessive alleles on his X chromosome.

question

Hemophilia A is caused by

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an X linked recessive disorder causing a defective blood clotting protein

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Females who are "carriers" for hemophilia

answer

usually do not show any symptoms of hemophilia

question

If a diploid cell has 14 chromosomes, it will have

answer

7 pairs of homologous chromosomes.

question

Homologous chromosomes have

answer

the same genes but can have different alleles.

question

If you cross two pea plants, one with green peas and the other with yellow peas, and all of the offspring have yellow peas, you conclude

answer

yellow is dominant over green.

question

If you cross two pea plants, one with green peas and the other with yellow peas, and all of the offspring have yellow peas, you conclude

answer

the yellow parent was homozygous for the dominant allele.

question

If you cross two pea plants, one with green peas and the other with yellow peas, and all of the offspring have yellow peas, the yellow and green parental plants

answer

both have the same gene for pea color.

question

A single chromosome has

answer

multiple genes each with a single allele.

question

Yellow peas are an example of

answer

a phenotype

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Having the alleles Tt is

answer

a genotype

question

If a pea plant is heterozygous for yellow seeds (Yy), which gametes will it produce?

answer

Y or y

question

If a pea plant is homozygous recessive for yellow seeds (yy), which gametes will it produce?

answer

y only

question

If a pea plant is homozygous for yellow seeds (YY), which gametes will it produce?

answer

Y only

question

If you cross two heterozygous (Yy) pea plants, what proportion of the offspring will be heterozygous?

answer

50%

question

If you cross two heterozygous Yy pea plants, what proportion of the offspring will be the dominant color yellow?

answer

75%

question

If you cross RrYr and RRyy pea plants, what fraction of the offspring will have yellow peas? R=round, r=wrinkled, Y=yellow, y=green

answer

50%

question

If you cross RrYr and RRyy pea plants, what fraction of the offspring will have round peas? R=round, r=wrinkled, Y=yellow, y=green

answer

100%

question

If you cross RrYr and RRyy pea plants, what fraction of the offspring will have round yellow peas? R=round, r=wrinkled, Y=yellow, y=green

answer

50%

question

Which gametes can a RrYy plant produce?

answer

RY, Ry,rY,ry

question

Which gametes can a RRyy plant produce?

answer

Ry

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In an inherited form of high cholesterol, HH individuals have a blood cholesterol level greater than 500mg/dL, RH individuals are near 300mg/dL, and normal (RR) cholesterol levels should be less than 200mg/dL. The H allele is ___ to the R allele.

answer

incompletely dominant

question

A man with type A blood and a woman with type B blood have a child with type O blood. What are the genotypes of the man and woman?

answer

IA i, and IB i

question

In cystic fibrosis, two unaffected carriers can have a child with the disease. It is as common in boys as in girls. This disease is

answer

autosomal recessive

question

In Huntington disease, a child will typically get the disease only if one parent also has it. It is as common in boys as in girls. This disease is

answer

autosomal dominant.

question

Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive disorder. What is the probability that a son will have hemophilia if the parents are a normal man and a woman who is a carrier?

answer

50%

question

Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive disorder. What is the probability that a daughter will have hemophilia if the parents are a normal man and a woman who is a carrier?

answer

0%

question

Average heights of American men and women have increased steadily since the 1940s. What is the best explanation for this observation?

answer

Height is influenced by environmental changes like improvements in diet.

question

The wide variation in skin color in humans is best explained by

answer

skin color is a polygenic trait

question

In the section "Investigating Life: Heredity and the Hungry Hordes", what did the researchers conclude from the data in the figure?

answer

the resistance to Bt is dominant

question

In the section "Investigating Life: Heredity and the Hungry Hordes", adult female bollworm moths lay eggs on cotton bolls. These eggs then hatch and grow into caterpillars that eat the seeds of the boll. Eggs and sperm produce by

answer

meiosis

question

Each gamete arises from a diploid cell containing two sets of homologous chromosomes.

answer

TRUE

question

A recessive allele is one whose effect is masked if a dominant allele is also present.

answer

TRUE

question

The most common allele for any trait is always the dominant allele.

answer

FALSE

question

Genotypes are the outward expression of an allele combination.

answer

FALSE

question

Mendel's law of segregation states that the two alleles of each gene are packaged into seperate gametes.

answer

TRUE

question

Any dihybrid cross should theoretically yield a 3:1 phenotypic ratio.

answer

FALSE

question

For the traits Mendel studied one allele is completely dominant and the other is completely recessive.

answer

TRUE

question

In the ABO blood type system, there are six possible genotypes, but only two possible phenotypes.

answer

FALSE

question

The environment only rarely affects gene expression.

answer

FALSE

question

The individual sometimes referred to as the "father of genetics" because he influenced the science of genetics mroe than anyone else is Gregor Mendel.

answer

TRUE

question

X-linked recessive disorders affect more females than males.

answer

FALSE

question

A male expresses an X-linked recessive disorder only if he inherits these alleles from both parents.

answer

FALSE

question

Place the following term in order from smallest to largest: cell, chromosome, DNA nucleotides, and gene.

answer

DNA nucleotides, gene, chromosome, cell

question

Place the following events in the correct order in which they occur: fertilization, haploid gametes produced, meiosis of diploid cell, and new diploid organism formed.

answer

meiosis of diploid cell, haploid gametes produced, fertilization, new diploid organism formed

question

What structure holds the inheritance information of a living organism?

answer

chromosome

question

Crossing over is used to create a chromosome map of linked genes to determine the

answer

locus of the gene on the chromosome

question

Sexual reproduction passes on hereditary information through

answer

gametes produced by meiosis

question

Uncorrected mistakes during meiosis will lead to

answer

production of gametes with mutated genes.

question

What diagram is shown in the figure? F Ff F FF Ff f Ff ff

answer

Punnet square

question

What information is available on the outside of the boxes in the figure? -possible alleles the parents can pass to the offspring -alleles in the gametes of the parents -genotypes of the gametes -genotypes of the parents

answer

All answers are correct

question

What information is available inside of the boxes in the figure?

answer

alleles the offspring may inherit

question

The genotypes shown in the figure are for an X-linked recessive trait.

answer

FALSE

question

The genotypes shown in the figure are for a recessive genetic disorder.

answer

TRUE

question

Which has the following in order from smallest to largest

answer

DNA nucleotides, gene, chromosome, cell

question

Which of the following is in the correct order?

answer

meiosis of diploid cell, haploid gametes produced, fertilization, new diploid organism formed

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