Biology Cell Structure & Function Study Guide – Flashcards
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Microscope discovered/invented by
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Galileo and Jansse n brothers
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Named & discovered cells (saw tiny cork chambers
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Robert Hooke
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Saw first living cells (microorganismsin pond water)
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Anton von Leeuwenhoek
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Discovered nucleus
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Robert Brown
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Botanist that concluded ALL PLANTS are made of cells
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Matthias Schleiden
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Zoologist that concluded ALL ANIMALS are made of cells
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Theodor Schwann
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Doctor that concluded cells COME ONLY FROM EXISTING CELLS
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Rudolf Virchow
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Cell Theory
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1) all living things are made of cells; 2) cell is the basic unit of life; 3) all cells come from pre-existing cells
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1) Smaller/simpler/unorganized 2) Genetic material NOT in nucleus 3) ie. Bacteria 4) No organelles/nucleus 5) Can live in extreme conditions/multiply easily
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Prokaryotes
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1) DNA in nucleus 2) Single or multicellular 3) ie. Plants, animals, fungi
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Eukaryote
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1) Two layers of phospholipids (proteins & carbs) 2) Regulates what enters/leaves cell 3) Protects and supports
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Cell Membrane
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1) Found in plants, algae, & some bacteria 2) Outside cell membrane 3) Pectin & cellulose 4) Protects & supports
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Cell Wall
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1) In Eukaryotes 2) Control center 3) DNA in form of chromatin 4) Thin membrane
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Nucleus
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1) Makes ribosomes 2) Contains RNA & proteins 3) In nucleus 4) Small/condensed
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Nucleolis
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1) Long strands of DNA 2) Found in typical nucleus
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Chromatin
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1) Condensed chromatin 2) Used in cell division
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Chromosome
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Small structure in cell that performs a specific function
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Organelle
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1) Double membrane 2) Connects nuclear membrane to cell membrane 3) Transports material in cell
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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1) Synthesizes proteins 2) Join together amino acids 3) Their proteins transported by ER
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Ribosome
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1) "Powerhouse" of cell 2) Burns glucose for energy 3) Maternal inheritance DNA
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Mitochondria
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1) "Packager" 2) Packages, collects, modifies, & delivers 3) Packs proteins, lipids, & hormones from ER
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Golgi Apparatus
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1) "Cleanup Crew" 2) Packets of digestive enzymes 3) Digests food particles, invasive bacteria, or worn-out cells 4) Formed by golgi apparatus
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Lysosome
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Plant cells ONLY (chloro-, chromo-, leuco-)
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Plastids
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Plastid used for photosynthesis
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Chloroplast
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Plastid used to contain pigments
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Chromoplast
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Plastid used for food storage
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Leucoplast
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1) Storage 2) Cavity in cytoplasm filled with fluid 3) Very large in plant cells 4) Stores water, salts, carbs, proteins
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Vacuole
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1) Framework in cytoplasm 2) Microtubules & filaments 3) Makes up cilia & flagella
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Cytoskeleton
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1) Animal cells ONLY 2) Nine microtubules arranged in a circle 3) Used for cell division
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Many short hair-like structures on the surface of a cell that help cell "move" or "sweep"
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Cilia
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One or two long, hair-like structures that extend from yhe surface of cells for movement
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Flagella
