Biology 1110 exam 3 – Flashcards
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Mitosis produces _____________, while meiosis produces ___________ a) two haploid cells; four diploid cells b) two diploid cells; four haploid cells c) four haploid cells; two diploid cells d) four diploid cells; two haploid cells
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b) Two diploid cells; four haploid cells
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Why isnt there a universal cure for cancer? a) certain treatments are only effective for specific grades and stages of cancer b) cancer is individual and two people with the same type of cancer may, in fact, have completely different causes of their cancer c) current treatment options do not kill fast dividing cells d) Scientist are hiding a cure for cancer
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b) cancer is individual and two people with the same type of cancer may, in fact, have completely different causes of their cancer
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What technique is used to produce both reproductive clones and therapeutic clones? a) genetic engineering b) gene therapy c) polymerase chain reaction d) somatic cell nuclear transfer
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d) somatic cell nuclear transfer
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Why can gene therapy only alleviate the symtoms of a disease rather than cure a disease? a) because the corrected gene is only active for a short period of time b) because there are still cells in the body that produce the "disease-causing" protein c) because even the corrected gene doesnt produce normal protein d) dont pick this answer
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b) because there are still cells in the body that produce the "disease-causing" protein
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A(n) ____________ located in the mRNA sequence, codes for a single amino acid a) allele b) codon c)anticodon d) gene
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b) codon
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Larrys genome is found to contain 20% thymine. How much of his genome is composed of cytosine? a) 10% b) 20% c)30% d)40%
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c) 30%
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A mom has a blood type A and dad has blood type B. Is it possible for this couple to have a child with type O blood?
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a) yes
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A _________ cell contains one set of chromosomes and a___________ cell contains two sets of chromosomes. a) monoploid; polyploid b) haploid;diploid c) monoploid; diploid d) diploid;haploid
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b) haploid;diploid
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Which of the following best describes why chemotherapy and radiation cause negative side effects? a) because they kill all fast-dividing cells (healthy and cancerous) b) because killing off cancer cells makes you more likely to get sick from a bacteria or virus c) because the breakdown of cancer cells releases toxic by-products d) Because chemotherapy and radiation poison any cell they come into contact with
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a) because they kill all fast-dividing cells (healthy and cancerous)
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If a disease is caused be a recessive allele, it means that a person with the disease: A) will only pass it on to children if their mate also carries the allele b) could be homozygous for the trait c) will always pass it on to their children via their gametes d) is more likely to be male
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c) will always pass it on to their children via their gametes
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Alleles that are dominant are: a) more common than recessive alleles b) generally more advantageous than recessive alleles c) capable of hiding or masking a recessive allele d) all of the above
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c) capable of hiding or masking a recessive allele
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We all have alleles that we inherit from our parents. How many alleles are their for each gene in a population? A) there is only one allele per gene b) there are more than two alleles per game c) Many genes have only two alleles but many genes have more than two alleles d) there are only two alleles per gene
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c) Many genes have only two alleles but many genes have more than two alleles
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Nondisjunction results in a daughter cell with too many or too few chromosomes due to a failure to separate during meiosis. If nondisjunction occurs, what cell cycle checkpoint has failed? a) G1 checkpoint b) G2 checkpoint c) M checkpoint d) cytokinesis checkpoint
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c) M checkpoint
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Cancer development is a ___________ process that results from ___________ mutations a) sudden; single b) gradual; single c) sudden; mulitple d) gradual; multiple
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d) gradual; multiple
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A point mutation occurred in a DNA sequence but the mutation did not result in a change in the amino acid sequence. What type of mutation took place? a) silent b) missense c) nonsense d) frameshift
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a) silent
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Which of the following does not play a role in translation? a) mRNA b) tRNA c) amino acids d) DNA
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d) DNA
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What type of stem cell is found in various locations of the body but is found in only minute quantities and may contain DNA abnormalities? a) embryonic stem cells b) umbilical stem cells c) induced pluripotent stem cells d) adult stem cells
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`D) adult stem cells
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Crossing over occurs during______________ and it is important because it ________________ a) prophase 1; generates diversity b) metaphase 1; reduces the chromosome number by half c) anaphase 2; seperates the homologous pairs d) Telophase 2; creates daughter cells
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a) prophase 1; generates diversity
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Why is meiosis needed for gamete (egg and sperm) production? a) to generate genetic diversity b) to make the gametes haploid c) to get unreplicated chromosomes in the gamates d) all of the above
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d) all of the above
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Which of the following is involved in the regulation of, specifically, meiosis? A) checkpoints b) growthfactors c) tumor suppressor genes d) sex hormones
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d) sex hormones
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What does it mean if someone is a "carrier" for a recessively inherited disease? a) it meant that individual is homozygous recessive and has the disease b) it means that individual is homozygous dominant and does not have the disease c) It means that individual is heterozygous and has the ability to pass on the disease to their offspring d) there is no such thing as a carrier for a disease
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c) It means that individual is heterozygous and has the ability to pass on the disease to their offspring
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For many features found in humans, such as eye and skin color, a single trait is determines by multiple genes. This is an example of ____________ a) pleiotropy b) multiple alleles c) polygenic inheritance d) codominance
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c) polygenic inheritance
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An individual is heterozygous for a trait that follows incomplete dominance. The person will show: a) the recessive phenotype b) both phenotypes c) an intermediate phenotype d) the dominant phenotype
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c) an intermediate phenotype
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A long tail cat (LL) and short tail cat (ll) have all medium tail offspring. What kind of inheritance is this? A) codominance b) pleiotropy c) incomplete dominance d) multiple alleles
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c) incomplete dominance
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The _____________ codes for the _____________ a) genotype;phenotype b) phenotype; genotype c) dominant allele; phenotype d) dominant allele; genotype
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a) genotype;phenotype
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Blood cells and muscle cells make different proteins because: a) they are not yet differentiated b) even though they both have the same genes, they express different genes c) blood cells contain only the genes for making blood cell proteins and muscle cells only contain muscle proteins genes d) all cells of an organism have the same genes and express all of them
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b) even though they both have the same genes, they express different genes
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Dolly the sheep is the most famous example of a cloned animal. The nucleus that produced Dolly was taken from a donors sheep's mammary cell and implanted into second sheeps egg cell. A third sheep then acted as a surrogate and carried Dolly to term. When dolly was born, she was genetically identical to the original donor sheep. What Process was used to produce dolly. a) stem cell cloning b) therapeutic cloning c) reproductive cloning d) organismal cloning
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c) reproductive cloning
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Which of the following bases are found in DNA but not RNA? a) adenine b) thymine c)cytosine d) guanine
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b) thymine
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What is the purpose of the second meiotic division? a) to reshuffle genetic information b) to reduce the chromosome number c) to seperate replicated chromosomes d) two of the above
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c) to separate replicated chromosomes
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What type of cancer treatment is a local treatment that relies on removing the tumor and leaving clean margins? a) immunotherapy b) inhibition of angiogensis c) surgery d) radiation
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c) surgery
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Which statement is not correct concerning cell division and cancer? A) normal cells are limited in how many times they can divide b)Cancerous cells can become immortal c)Oncogenes protect against cancer d) Apoptosis can be used to kill cancerous cells in the body
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c)Oncogenes protect against cancer
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What is the role of DNA ligase during DNA replication? a) add complementary DNA bases according to the template strand b) produce a primer to initiate DNA replication c) unwind the two parent strands by breaking hydrogen bonds between them d) fill in the sugar-phosphate backbone to produce two continuous strands of DNA
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d) fill in the sugar-phosphate backbone to produce two continuous strands of DNA
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Which of these events occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis? a) chromosome replication b) alignment of chromosomes in the middle of the cell c) temporary disappearance of the nucleus d) synapsis and crossing over
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d) synapsis and crossing over
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Based on our discussion of the case of the mysterious snake, which of the following is not a reason that an animal may choose to switch from sexual reproduction (meiosis) to asexual reproduction (parthenogenesis)? a) limited number of mates b) to increase genetic variation c) the environment is stable d) the current genetic combination is advantageous in its habitat.
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b) to increase genetic variation
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During translation, mRNA carries genetic information from the ____________ to the ____________, where amino acids are assembled into proteins. a) nucleus; rough endoplasmic reticulum b) cytoplasm; nucleus c) nucleus; ribosomes d) ribosomes; nucleolus
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c) nucleus; ribosomes
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What does it mean when a malignant tumor metastasizes? a) the tumor has the ability to invade surrounding tissues b) the tumor has cell features that distinguish it from normal cells c) cells from the tumor have left the original location and have developed a new tumor in a new location. d) the tumor is shirnking
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c) cells from the tumor have left the original location and have developed a new tumor in a new location.
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Down syndrome is one example of a chromosomal condition that arises due to nondisjunction. The failure of chromosomes to separate properly, results in an individual having an extra chromosome 21. This condition is an example of a ______________ a) monosomy b) diploidy c) trisomy d) polyploidy
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c) trisomy
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In the case of the mysterious snake, how specifically did Martha Joan produce an identical, but male, offspring? a) animal cloning b) nondisjuntion during mitosis c) nondisjuntion during meiosis d) parthenogenisis
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d) parthenogenisis
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As we learned in the video 'The secrets of the X chromosome', during the development, one of a females X chromosomes become inactivated. What do we call the inactivated X? a) barr body b) chromatid c) null x d) condensed body
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A) barr body
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Which of the following is a reason that checkpoints can fail and cancer can result a) mutation in a tumor suppressor gene b) too many growth factors c) mutation of a proto-oncogene d) all of the above can result in cancer
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d) all of the above can result in cancer
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In class we watched the video The Cancer Gene We All Have and discussed tumor-suppressor genes, such as BRCA1. If there is a mutation in tumor-suppressor genes, what is likely to be the end result for the cells. a) the cells cycle will slow down b) the cells will stop dividing and enter the resting place c) the cells will be suspended in S of interphase d) the cells will divide uncontrollably and rapidly, leading to cancer.
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d) the cells will divide uncontrollably and rapidly, leading to cancer.
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